Latvia
Alliance of the Greens and Farmers Union or ZZS [Augusts
BRIGMANIS (Farmer's Union); Indulis EMSIS (Green Party)]; First
Party of Latvia [Ainars SLESERS]; For Human Rights in a United
Latvia or PCTVL [Jakovs PLINERS]; For Our Latvia or ML [Rihards
Jablokovs]; Latvian National Democratic Party or LNDP [Jevgenijs
Osiopovs]; Latvian National Front [Aivars GARDA]; Latvian
Social-Democratic Workers Party (Social Democrats) or LSDSP [Alfred
RUBIKS]; Latvia's Way Union or LC; Light of Latgale or LG; New Era
Party or JL [Einars REPSE]; New Politics Party or JP [Sergejs
DOLGOPOLOVS]; People's Harmony Party or TSP [Janis JURKANS];
People's Party or TP [Atis SLAKTERIS]; Social Democratic Union or
SDS [Egils BALDZENS]; Union for the Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK or
TB/LNNK [Janis STRAUME]; United Social Democratic Welfare Party or
SLP [Juris ZURAVLOVS]; United Republican Party of Latvia or LARP
Lebanon
political activity is organized along largely sectarian
lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual
political figures and followers motivated by religious, ethnic,
clan, and economic considerations
Lesotho
Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Tseliso MAKHAKHE]; Basotho
National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; Lesotho
Congress for Democracy or LCD [Phebe MOTEBANO, chairwoman; Pakalitha
MOSISILI, leader] - the governing party; Lesotho People's Congress
or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Charles
MOFELI]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP and Setlamo Alliance
[Vincent MALEBO]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Chief Peete
Nkoebe PEETE]; Sefate Democratic Party or SDP [Bofihla NKUEBE]
Liberia
Alliance of Political Parties (a coalition of LAP and LUP)
[leader NA]; All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Peter KERBAY];
Liberian Action Party or LAP [C. Gyude BRYANT]; Liberian People's
Party or LPP [Koffa NAGBE]; Liberia Unification Party or LUP [leader
NA]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN] - governing
party; United People's Party or UPP [Wesley JOHNSON]; Unity Party or
UP [Charles CLARKE]
Libya
none
Liechtenstein
Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Heinz
FROMMELT]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Johannes MATT]; The
Free List or FL [Dr. Pepo FRICK, Elisabeth TELLENBACH-FRICK, Adolf
RITTER]
Lithuania
Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar
TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS
[Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor Party [Viktor USPASKICH,
chairman]; Liberal and Center Union [Arturas ZUOKAS, chairman];
Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS, chairman];
Lithuanian Christian Democrats or LKD [Valentinas STUNDYS,
chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for a Fair Lithuania;
Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS,
chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or LDDP
and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP; New Democracy
and Farmer's Union or VNDPS [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; Social
Liberals (New Union) [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union of
Christian Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; Young
Lithuania and New Nationalists
Luxembourg
Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Gast
GIBERYOEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also as
Christian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Party
or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg
Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and Reformed
Communist Party DEI LENK (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other
minor parties
Macau
Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties:
Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development
of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro
Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic
Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union
Macedonia
Democratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic
Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic League
of the Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or
PDSH/DPA [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Democratic Party of Serbs [Ivan
STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic
Republican Union of Macedonia or DRUM [Dosta DIMOVSKA]; Democratic
Union of Vlachs for Macedonia [leader NA]; Democratic Union for
Integration or BDI/DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian
Revolutionary Organization-Agrarian Party or VMRO-Agrarian Party
[Marjan GJORCEV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or
VMRO-DPMNE (including VMRO and LDT) [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal
Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Option or
VMRO-Vistinska [Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal Macedonian
Revolutionary Organization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [Vesna
JANEVSKA]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal
Democratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV];
National Democratic Party or PDK [Basri HALITI]; National Farmers'
Party [VejljoTANTAROV]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP
[Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or
SDSM [Vlado BUCKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or
SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for Macedonia coalition
(including the SDSM and LDP) [Vlado BUCKOVSI]; United Party for
Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]