Spain
Basque Nationalist Party or PNV [Josu Jon IMAZ]; Canarian
Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [Paulino RIVERO
Baute]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro] (a
coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Artur
MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep
Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress (a Senate
coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA)
[leader NA]; Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Anxo Manuel
QUINTANA]; Party of Independents from Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN
Martin]; Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY]; Republican Left of
Catalonia or ERC [Josep-Lluis CAROD-ROVIRA]; Spanish Socialist
Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO]; United Left or
IU (a coalition of parties including the PCE and other small
parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]
Sri Lanka
All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [KUMARGURUPARAM]; Ceylon
Workers Congress or CWC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party or CP
[D. GUNASEKERA]; Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF
[Shrimani ATULATHMUDALI]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP
[Douglas DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front
or EPRLF [Suresh PREMACHANDRAN]; Janatha Vimukthi Perumuna or JVP
[Tilvan SILVA]; National Unity Alliance or NUA [Ferial ASHRAFF];
National Heritage Party or JHU [Tilak KARUNARATNE]; People's
Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [leader NA]; Sihala
Urumaya or SU [leader NA]; Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP
[Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or
SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]; Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF [P. Nelson
PERERA]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO [SABARATNAM];
Tamil National Alliance or TNA [R.SAMPANTHAN]; Tamil United
Liberation Front or TULF [V. ANANDASANGAREE]; United National Party
or UNP [Ranil WICKREMASINGHE]; Up-country People's Front or UPF [P.
CHANDRASEKARAN]; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties,
represented in either Parliament or provincial councils
Sudan
the government allows political "associations" under a 1998
law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties must
accept the constitution and refrain from advocating or using
violence against the regime; approved parties include the National
Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular National
Congress or PNC [Hassan al-TURABI], and over 20 minor,
pro-government parties
Suriname
Democratic Alternative '91 or DA '91 (a coalition of the
Alternative Forum or AF and Party for Brotherhood and Unity in
Politics or BEP, formed in January 1991) [Winston JESSURUN];
Democratic National Platform 2000 or DNP 2000 (coalition of two
parties, Democratic Party and Democrats of the 21st Century) [Jules
WIJDENBOSCH]; Independent Progressive Democratic Alternative or OPDA
[Joginder RAMKHILAWAN]; Millennium Combination or MC (a coalition of
three parties, Democratic Alternative, Party for National Unity and
Solidarity, and National Democratic Party) [leader NA]; National
Democratic Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; Naya Kadam or NK [leader
NA]; Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN]; Party
of National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA]; Pertjaja
Luhur [Paul SOMOHARDJO]; Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers'
Union or PALU [Ir Iwan KROLIS]; The New Front or NF (a coalition of
four parties Suriname National Party or NPS, Progressive Reform
Party or VHP, Suriname Labor Party or SPA, and Pertjaja Luhur)
[Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN]; The Progressive Development Alliance (a
combination of three parties, Renewed Progressive Party or HPP,
Party of the Federation of Land Workers or PVF, and Suriname
Progressive People's Party or PSV) [Harry KISOENSINGH]
Swaziland
political parties are banned by the constitution - the
following are considered political associations; Imbokodvo National
Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or
NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement
or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or
SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]
Sweden
Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party
[Goran HAGGLUND]; Green Party [no formal leader but party
spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party
or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party [Lars
LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT];
Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Switzerland
Green Party (Grune Partei der Schweiz or Grune, Parti
Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I
Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ruth GENNER];
Christian Democratic People's Party (Christichdemokratische
Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or
PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida
Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Doris LEUTHARD,
president]; Radical Free Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische
Partei der Schweiz or FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD,
Partitio Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Marianne
KLEINER-SCHLAEPFER, president]; Social Democratic Party
(Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist
Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida
Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Hans-Juerg FEHR, president];
Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union
Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC,
Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and
other minor parties
Syria
National Progressive Front or NPF (includes Arab Socialist
Renaissance (Ba'th) Party; the governing party) [President Bashar
al-ASAD, secretary general]; Socialist Unionist Democratic Party
[Fadlallal Nasr Al-DIN]; Syrian Communist Party (two branches)
[Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yuusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; Unionist Socialist
Party [Fayez ISMAIL]; Arab Socialist Unionist Movement [Ahmed
al-AHMED]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party or ASP [Safwan QUDSI]);
Syrian Social National Party [Jubran URAYJI]
Taiwan
Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [SU Tseng-chang,
chairman]; Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [LIEN Chan,
chairman]; People First Party or PFP [James SOONG (SOONG Chu-yu),
chairman]; Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [SU Chin-chiang,
chairman]; other minor parties including the Chinese New Party or CNP
Tajikistan
Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV]; Islamic
Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI]; People's Democratic Party of
Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or
SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn
NAZRIYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]