Imports - partners:
Russia 34.6%, China 15.4%, Germany 8.2%, France 5.7%, Ukraine 4.6%
(2004)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$14.35 billion (2004 est.)

Debt - external:
$26.03 billion (2004 est.)

Economic aid - recipient:
$74.2 million in US assistance programs, 1992-2000 (FY2004)

Currency (code):
tenge (KZT)

Currency code:
KZT

Exchange rates:
tenge per US dollar - 136.04 (2004), 149.58 (2003), 153.28 (2002),
146.74 (2001), 142.13 (2000)

Fiscal year:
calendar year

Communications Kazakhstan

Telephones - main lines in use:
2,081,900 (2002)