Hong Kong
none
Howland Island
none
Hungary
in 2004, Hungary amended the status law extending special
social and cultural benefits and voted down a referendum to extend
dual citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living in neighboring states,
which have objected to such measures; consultations continue between
Slovakia and Hungary over Hungary's completion of its portion the
Gabcikovo-Nagymaros hydroelectric dam project along the Danube; as a
member state that forms part of the EU's external border, Hungary
must implement the strict Schengen border rules
Iceland
Iceland disputes Denmark's alignment of the Faroe Islands'
fisheries median line; Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute
Denmark's claim that the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends
beyond 200 nm
India
China and India launched a security and foreign policy
dialogue in 2005, consolidating discussions related to the dispute
over most of their rugged, militarized boundary, regional nuclear
proliferation, Indian claims that China transferred missiles to
Pakistan, and other matters; recent talks and confidence-building
measures have begun to defuse tensions over Kashmir, site of the
world's largest and most militarized territorial dispute with
portions under the de facto administration of China (Aksai Chin),
India (Jammu and Kashmir), and Pakistan (Azad Kashmir and Northern
Areas); in 2004, India and Pakistan instituted a cease fire in the
Kashmir and in 2005, restored bus service across the highly
militarized Line of Control; Pakistan has taken its dispute on the
impact and benefits of India's building the Baglihar dam on the
Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir to the World Bank for arbitration;
UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) has
maintained a small group of peacekeepers since 1949; India does not
recognize Pakistan's ceding historic Kashmir lands to China in 1964;
disputes persist with Pakistan over Indus River water sharing; to
defuse tensions and prepare for discussions on a maritime boundary,
in 2004, India and Pakistan resurveyed a portion of the disputed
boundary in Sir Creek estuary at the mouth of the Rann of Kutch;
Pakistani maps continue to show Junagadh claim in Indian Gujarat
State; discussions with Bangladesh remain stalled to delimit a small
section of river boundary, to exchange 162 miniscule enclaves in
both countries, to allocate divided villages, and to stop illegal
cross-border trade, migration, violence, and transit of terrorists
through the porous border; Bangladesh protests India's attempts to
fence off high-traffic sections; dispute with Bangladesh over New
Moore/South Talpatty/Purbasha Island in the Bay of Bengal deters
maritime boundary delimitation; India seeks cooperation from Bhutan
and Burma to keep Indian Nagaland and Assam separatists from hiding
in remote areas along the borders; Joint Border Committee with Nepal
continues to demarcate minor disputed boundary sections; India has
instituted a stricter border regime to keep out Maoist insurgents
and control illegal cross-border activities from Nepal
Indian Ocean
some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Indonesia
East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet,
survey and delimit land boundary, but several sections of the
boundary remain unresolved; Indonesia and East Timor contest the
sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Palau Batek/Fatu
Sinai, which hinders a decision on a northern maritime boundary; a
1997 treaty between Indonesia and Australia settled some parts of
their maritime boundary but outstanding issues remain; ICJ's award
of Sipadan and Ligitan islands to Malaysia in 2002 left maritime
boundary in the hydrocarbon-rich Celebes Sea in dispute, culminating
in hostile confrontations in March 2005 over concessions to the
Ambalat oil block; the ICJ decision has prompted Indonesia to assert
claims to and to establish a presence on its smaller outer islands;
Indonesia and Singapore pledged in 2005 to finalize their 1973
maritime boundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of
Batam Island; Indonesian secessionists, squatters, and illegal
migrants create repatriation problems for Papua New Guinea; piracy
remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Iran
Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed tributaries
to the Helmand River in periods of drought; Iraq's lack of a
maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the
mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf; Iran and UAE engage
in direct talks and solicit Arab League support to resolve disputes
over Iran's occupation of Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island; Iran
stands alone among littoral states in insisting upon a division of
the Caspian Sea into five equal sectors
Iraq
coalition forces assist Iraqis in monitoring boundary security;
Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction
disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al Arab in the Persian Gulf;
Turkey has expressed concern over the status of Kurds in Iraq
Ireland
Ireland, Iceland, and the UK dispute Denmark's claim that
the Faroe Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm