Roadways:
total: 258,029 km
paved: 247,347 km
unpaved: 10,682 km (2003)
Waterways:
4,000 km (on the Ertis (Irtysh) (80%) and Syr Darya (Syrdariya)
rivers) (2005)
Merchant marine:
total: 6 ships (1000 GRT or over) 27,173 GRT/43,475 DWT
by type: cargo 2, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1
foreign-owned: 2 (Oman 2) (2006)
Ports and terminals:
Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk),
Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)
Military Kazakhstan
Military branches:
Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Naval Force, Republican
Guard
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service
obligation - two years; minimum age for volunteers NA (2004)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 18-49: 3,758,255
females age 18-49: 3,822,845 (2005 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 18-49: 2,473,529
females age 18-49: 3,168,048 (2005 est.)
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
males age 18-49: 173,129
females age 18-49: 168,697 (2005 est.)