Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
UAE 12.4%, Azerbaijan 10.9%, US 9.4%, Russia 8.9%, Ukraine 7.4%,
Turkey 7.2%, Iran 6.1%, Germany 5.3%, Kazakhstan 4.2% (2005)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$2.963 billion (2005 est.)
Debt - external:
$2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$16 million from the US (2001)
Currency (code):
Turkmen manat (TMM)
Currency code:
TMM
Exchange rates:
in recent years the unofficial rate has hovered around 24,000 to
25,000 Turkmen manats to the dollar; the official rate has
consistently been 5,200 manat to the dollar
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Communications Turkmenistan