Paracel Islands
occupied by China
Pitcairn Islands
defense is the responsibility of the UK
Puerto Rico
defense is the responsibility of the US
Reunion
defense is the responsibility of France
Saint Helena
defense is the responsibility of the UK
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
defense is the responsibility of France
Samoa
Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces;
informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider
any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship
San Marino
defense is the responsibility of Italy
Sao Tome and Principe
Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force
with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly
ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered
simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or
replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay and
conditions have been a problem in the past, as has alleged nepotism
in the promotion of officers, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003
coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance as
initial steps towards the improvement of the army and its focus on
realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the
president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the
Armed Forces staff (2005)
South Africa
with the end of apartheid and the establishment of
majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and
ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National
Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was
considered complete