Oman
current situation: Oman is a destination country for men and
women primarily from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India who migrate
willingly, but may subsequently become victims of trafficking when
subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude as domestic workers
and laborers; there have been occasional reports that expatriate
children engaged in camel racing may transit or reside in Omani
territory
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Oman is placed on the Tier 2 Watch
List because of a lack of evidence of increasing efforts to combat
severe forms of trafficking in persons in 2005
Peru
current situation: Peru is primarily a source country for women
and children trafficked internally for the purposes of sexual
exploitation and forced domestic labor; most victims are girls and
young women moved internally from rural to urban areas, or from city
to city, and lured or coerced into prostitution in nightclubs, bars,
and brothels; Peruvians have also been trafficked for sexual
exploitation to Spain, Japan, the United States, and Venezuela; the
government acknowledges that sex tourism occurs, particularly in the
Amazon region of the country
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Peru is placed on the Tier 2 Watch
List for failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to eliminate
trafficking in 2005
Qatar
current situation: Qatar is a destination country for men and
women from South and Southeast Asia who migrate willingly, but are
subsequently trafficked into involuntary servitude as domestic
workers and laborers; the problem of trafficking of foreign children
as camel jockeys was thoroughly addressed by government action in
2005, but independent confirmation of the problem's complete
elimination is not yet available
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Qatar has made noticeable progress
in rescuing and repatriating child camel jockeys, establishing a
shelter for abused domestic workers, and creating hotlines to
register complaints; however, Qatar is placed on the Tier 2 Watch
List for its failure to provide sufficient evidence of increasing
efforts to combat trafficking in persons in 2005, particularly with
regard to labor exploitation
Russia
current situation: Russia is a source, transit, and
destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for
various purposes; it remains a significant source of women
trafficked to over 50 countries for commercial sexual exploitation;
Russia is also a transit and destination country for men and women
trafficked from Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and North Korea to
Central and Western Europe and the Middle East for purposes of
forced labor and sexual exploitation; internal trafficking remains a
problem in Russia with women trafficked from rural areas to urban
centers for commercial sexual exploitation, and men are trafficked
internally and from Central Asia for forced labor in the
construction and agricultural industries; debt bondage is common
among trafficking victims, and child sex tourism remains a concern
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Russia is placed on the Tier 2
Watch List for a third consecutive year for its continued failure to
show evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking,
particularly in the area of victim protection and assistance
Saudi Arabia
current situation: Saudi Arabia is a destination
country for workers from South and Southeast Asia who are subjected
to conditions that constitute involuntary servitude including being
subjected to physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages,
confinement, and withholding of passports as a restriction on their
movement; domestic workers are particularly vulnerable because some
are confined to the house in which they work, unable to seek help;
Saudi Arabia is also a destination country for Nigerian, Yemeni,
Pakistani, Afghan, Somali, Malian, and Sudanese children trafficked
for forced begging and involuntary servitude as street vendors; some
Nigerian women were reportedly trafficked into Saudi Arabia for
commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 3 - Saudi Arabia does not fully comply with the
minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not
making significant efforts to do so
South Africa
current situation: South Africa is a source, transit,
and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for
forced labor and sexual exploitation; women and girls are trafficked
internally - and occasionally to European and Asian countries - for
sexual exploitation; women from other African countries are
trafficked to South Africa and, less frequently, onward to Europe
for sexual exploitation; men and boys are trafficked from
neighboring countries for forced agricultural labor; Asian and
Eastern European women are trafficked to South Africa for
debt-bonded sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - South Africa is placed on the Tier
2 Watch List for its failure to show increasing efforts to address
trafficking in 2005
Sudan
current situation: Sudan is a source country for men, women,
and children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual
exploitation; Sudan may also be a transit and destination country
for Ethiopian women trafficked for domestic servitude; boys are
trafficked to the Middle East, particularly Qatar and the United
Arab Emirates, for use as camel jockeys; small numbers of girls are
reportedly trafficked within Sudan for domestic servitude, as well
as for commercial sexual exploitation in small brothels in
internally displaced persons (IDP) camps; the terrorist rebel
organization "Lord's Resistance Army" (LRA) continues to abduct and
forcibly conscript small numbers of children in Southern Sudan for
use as cooks, porters, and combatants in its ongoing war against
Uganda; some of these children are then trafficked across borders
into Uganda or possibly the Democratic Republic of the Congo;
children are utilized by rebel groups and the Sudanese Armed Forces
and associated militias in the ongoing conflict in Darfur; during
the decades of civil war, thousands of Dinka women and children were
enslaved by members of Baggara tribes and subjected to various forms
of forced labor without remuneration, as well as physical and sexual
abuse; with the cessation of the North-South conflict and the
ongoing peace process, there were no known new abductions of Dinka
by Baggara tribes during 2005; however, inter-tribal abductions of a
different nature continue in Southern Sudan and warrant further
investigation
tier rating: Tier 3 - Sudan does not fully comply with the minimum
standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making
significant efforts to do so
Syria
current situation: Syria is a destination country for women
from South and Southeast Asia and Africa for domestic servitude and
from Eastern Europe and Iraq for sexual exploitation; women are
recruited for work in Syria as domestic servants, but some face
conditions of exploitation and involuntary servitude including long
hours, non-payment of wages, withholding of passports and other
restrictions on movement, and physical and sexual abuse; Eastern
European women recruited for work in Syria as cabaret dancers are
not permitted to leave their work premises without permission and
have their passports withheld; some displaced Iraqi women and
children are reportedly forced into sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 3 - Syria does not fully comply with the minimum
standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making
significant efforts to do so
Taiwan
current situation: Taiwan is primarily a destination for men,
women, and children trafficked for forced labor and sexual
exploitation; women from China and Southeast Asian countries are
trafficked for sexual exploitation and forced labor; women and
children, primarily from Vietnam, are trafficked through the use of
fraudulent marriages, deceptive employment offers, and illegal
smuggling for commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; a
significant share of foreign workers - primarily from Vietnam,
Thailand, and the Philippines - are recruited legally for
low-skilled jobs, and are subjected to forced labor or involuntary
servitude by labor agencies or employers upon arrival in Taiwan; to
a much lesser extent, there is internal trafficking of children for
sexual exploitation and trafficking of a small and declining number
of Taiwanese women to Japan for commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Taiwan is placed on the Tier 2
Watch List for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts
over the past year to address trafficking, despite ample resources
to do so, particularly the serious level of forced labor and sexual
servitude among legally migrating Southeast Asian contract workers
and brides
Togo
current situation: Togo is a source, transit, and destination
country for children, women, and men trafficked for forced labor and
sexual exploitation; the majority of victims are children, and
trafficking within the country is more prevalent than international
trafficking; children are trafficked to work as domestic servants,
produce porters, roadside sellers, agricultural laborers, and for
sexual exploitation; Togolese women may be trafficked to Europe for
forced labor and sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Togo is placed on the Tier 2 Watch
List for failure to show evidence of increased efforts to combat
trafficking over the past year, particularly in the areas of
prosecution and protection