males age 16-49: 2,099,647 females age 16-49: 2,060,559 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 64,910 female: 58,599 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
2.3% of GDP (2005 est.)
Transnational Issues
Portugal
Disputes - international:
Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Illicit drugs:
seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin