Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 98.8% male: 99.3% female: 98.3% (1999 est.)
Education expenditures:
3.9% of GDP (1991)
Government
Turkmenistan
Country name:
conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
Government type:
republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch