males age 16-49: 1,329,343 females age 16-49: 1,218,114 (2008 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 147,358 female: 146,771 (2008 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.8% of GDP (2005 est.)
Transnational Issues
Zambia
Disputes - international:
in 2004, Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited, Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; 42,250 Congolese refugees in Zambia are offered voluntary repatriation in November 2006, most of whom are expected to return in the next two years; Angolan refugees too have been repatriating but 26,450 still remain with 90,000 others from other neighboring states in 2006
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 42,565 (Angola); 60,874 (Democratic Republic of the Congo); 4,100 (Rwanda) (2007)