Argentina
Argentina continues to assert its claims to the
UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), South Georgia,
and the South Sandwich Islands in its constitution, forcibly
occupying the Falklands in 1982, but in 1995 agreed no longer to
seek settlement by force; territorial claim in Antarctica partially
overlaps UK and Chilean claims; unruly region at convergence of
Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering,
smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising
for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute between Brazil and
Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim
River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; in 2006,
Argentina went to the ICJ to protest, on environmental grounds, the
construction of two pulp mills in Uruguay on the Uruguay River,
which forms the boundary; both parties presented their pleadings in
2007 with Argentina's reply in January and Uruguay's rejoinder in
July 2008; the joint boundary commission, established by Chile and
Argentina in 2001 has yet to map and demarcate the delimited
boundary in the inhospitable Andean Southern Ice Field (Campo de
Hielo Sur)
Armenia
Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in
Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s, has militarily occupied
16% of Azerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in
Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; over 800,000 mostly
ethnic Azerbaijanis were driven from the occupied lands and Armenia;
about 230,000 ethnic Armenians were driven from their homes in
Azerbaijan into Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh; Azerbaijan seeks
transit route through Armenia to connect to Naxcivan exclave; border
with Turkey remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh dispute; ethnic
Armenian groups in Javakheti region of Georgia seek greater
autonomy; Armenians continue to emigrate, primarily to Russia,
seeking employment
Aruba
none
Ashmore and Cartier Islands
as the closest Australian territory to
Indonesia, these islands became the target of human traffickers for
the landing of illegal immigrants; in 2001, the Australian
government removed these islands from the Australian Migration Zone
making illegal arrivals ineligible for temporary visas and entry
into Australia
Atlantic Ocean
some maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Australia
Timor-Leste and Australia agreed in 2005 to defer the
disputed portion of the boundary for fifty years and to split
hydrocarbon revenues evenly outside the Joint Petroleum Development
Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty; dispute with Timor-Leste
hampers creation of a revised maritime boundary with Indonesia in
the Timor Sea; regional states continue to express concern over
Australia's 2004 declaration of a 1,000-nautical mile-wide maritime
identification zone; Australia asserts land and maritime claims to
Antarctica; in 2004 Australia submitted its claims to Commission on
the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to extend its continental
margins covering over 3.37 million square kilometers, expanding its
seabed roughly thirty percent more than its claimed exclusive
economic zone; since 2003, Australia has led the Regional Assistance
Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) to maintain civil and
political order and reinforce regional security
Austria
while threats of international legal action never
materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the
newly elected Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008,
demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the
EU unless Prague closes its nuclear power plant in Temelin,
bordering Austria
Azerbaijan
Armenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists in
Nagorno-Karabakh and since the early 1990s has militarily occupied
16% of Azerbaijan; over 800,000 mostly ethnic Azerbaijanis were
driven from the occupied lands and Armenia; about 230,000 ethnic
Armenians were driven from their homes in Azerbaijan into Armenia
and Nagorno-Karabakh; Azerbaijan seeks transit route through Armenia
to connect to Naxcivan exclave; Organization for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continues to mediate dispute;
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia have ratified Caspian seabed
delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to
insist on an even one-fifth allocation and challenges Azerbaijan's
hydrocarbon exploration in disputed waters; bilateral talks continue
with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in
the middle of the Caspian; Azerbaijan and Georgia continue to
discuss the alignment of their boundary at certain crossing areas
Bahamas, The
disagrees with the US on the alignment the northern
axis of a potential maritime boundary; continues to monitor and
interdict drug dealers and Haitian and Cuban refugees in Bahamian
waters
Bahrain
none