The 2009 CIA World Factbook

by United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Albania
current situation: Albania is a source country for women and
girls trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation
and forced labor; it is no longer considered a major country of
transit; Albanian victims are trafficked to Greece, Italy,
Macedonia, and Kosovo, with many trafficked onward to Western
European countries; children were also trafficked to Greece for
begging and other forms of child labor; approximately half of all
Albanian trafficking victims are under age 18; internal sex
trafficking of women and children is on the rise
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Albania is on the Tier 2 Watch List
for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to combat
trafficking in persons in 2007, particularly in the area of victim
protection; the government did not appropriately identify
trafficking victims during 2007, and has not demonstrated that it is
vigorously investigating or prosecuting complicit officials (2008)

Algeria
current situation: Algeria is a transit country for men and
women trafficked from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe for the purposes
of commercial sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude;
Algerian children are trafficked internally for the purpose of
domestic servitude or street vending
tier rating: Tier 3 - Algeria did not report any serious law
enforcement actions to punish traffickers who force women into
commercial sexual exploitation or men into involuntary servitude in
2007; the government again reported no investigations of trafficking
of children for domestic servitude or improvements in protection
services available to victims of trafficking; Algeria still lacks
victim protection services, and its failure to distinguish between
trafficking and illegal migration may result in the punishment of
victims of trafficking (2008)

Argentina
current situation: Argentina is a source, transit, and
destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the
purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; most
victims are trafficked within the country, from rural to urban
areas; child sex tourism is a problem; foreign women and children,
primarily from Paraguay, Brazil, and the Dominican Republic, are
trafficked to Argentina for commercial sexual exploitation;
Argentine women and girls are also trafficked to neighboring
countries, Mexico, and Western Europe for sexual exploitation; a
significant number of Bolivians, Peruvians, and Paraguayans are
trafficked into the country for forced labor in sweatshops,
agriculture, and as domestic servants
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - despite some progress, Argentina
remains on the Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year for
its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat human
trafficking, particularly in terms of providing adequate assistance
to victims and curbing official complicity with trafficking
activity, especially on the provincial and local levels; the
Argentine Congress has demonstrated progress by enacting much-needed
and first-ever federal anti-trafficking legislation (2009)

Armenia
current situation: Armenia is primarily a source country for
women and girls trafficked to the UAE and Turkey for the purpose of
commercial sexual exploitation; Armenian men and women are
trafficked to Turkey and Russia for the purpose of forced labor
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Armenia is placed on the Tier 2
Watch List for a fourth consecutive year; its efforts to increase
compliance with the minimum standards were assessed based on its
commitments to undertake future actions, particularly in the areas
of improving victim protection and assistance; while the government
elevated anti-trafficking responsibilities to the ministerial level,
adopted a new National Action Plan, and drafted a National Referral
Mechanism, it has yet to show tangible progress in identifying and
protecting victims or in tackling trafficking complicity of
government officials; the Armenian Government made some notable
improvements in its anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts, but it
failed to demonstrate evidence of investigations, prosecutions,
convictions, and sentences of officials complicit in trafficking
(2008)

Azerbaijan
current situation: Azerbaijan is primarily a source and
transit country for men, women, and children trafficked for the
purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; women
and some children from Azerbaijan are trafficked to Turkey and the
UAE for the purpose of sexual exploitation; men and boys are
trafficked to Russia for the purpose of forced labor; Azerbaijan
serves as a transit country for victims from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan,
Kazakhstan, and Moldova trafficked to Turkey and the UAE for sexual
exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Azerbaijan is on the Tier 2 Watch
List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to
combat trafficking in persons, particularly efforts to investigate,
prosecute, and punish traffickers; to address complicity among law
enforcement personnel; and to adequately identify and protect
victims in Azerbaijan; the government has yet to develop a
much-needed mechanism to identify potential trafficking victims and
refer them to safety and care; poor treatment of trafficking victims
in courtrooms continues to be a problem (2008)

Bahrain
current situation: Bahrain is a destination country for men
and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary servitude and
commercial sexual exploitation; men and women from Africa, South
Asia, and Southeast Asia migrate voluntarily to Bahrain to work as
laborers or domestic servants where some face conditions of
involuntary servitude such as unlawful withholding of passports,
restrictions on movements, non-payment of wages, threats, and
physical or sexual abuse; women from Thailand, Morocco, Eastern
Europe, and Central Asia are trafficked to Bahrain for the purpose
of commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Bahrain is on the Tier 2 Watch List
for failing to show evidence of increased efforts to combat human
trafficking, particularly efforts that enforce laws against
trafficking in persons, and that prevent the punishment of victims
of trafficking; during 2007, Bahrain passed a comprehensive law
prohibiting all forms of trafficking in persons; the government also
established a specialized anti-trafficking unit within the Ministry
of Interior to investigate trafficking crimes; however, the
government did not report any prosecutions or convictions for
trafficking offenses during 2007, despite reports of a substantial
problem of involuntary servitude and sex trafficking (2008)

Burma
current situation: Burma is a source country for women,
children, and men trafficked for the purpose of forced labor and
commercial sexual exploitation; Burmese women and children are
trafficked to East and Southeast Asia for commercial sexual
exploitation, domestic servitude, and forced labor; Burmese children
are subjected to conditions of forced labor in Thailand as hawkers,
beggars, and for work in shops, agriculture, fish processing, and
small-scale industries; women are trafficked for commercial sexual
exploitation to Malaysia and China; some trafficking victims transit
Burma from Bangladesh to Malaysia and from China to Thailand;
internal trafficking occurs primarily from villages to urban centers
and economic hubs for labor in industrial zones, agricultural
estates, and commercial sexual exploitation; military and civilian
officials continue to use a significant amount of forced labor;
ethnic insurgent groups also used compulsory labor of adults and
unlawful recruitment of children; the military junta's gross
economic mismanagement, human rights abuses, and its policy of using
forced labor are the top causal factors for Burma's significant
trafficking problem
tier rating: Tier 3 - Burma does not fully comply with the minimum
standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making
significant efforts to do so; military and civilian officials remain
directly involved in significant acts of forced labor and unlawful
conscription of child soldiers (2008)

Burundi
current situation: Burundi is a source country for children
trafficked for the purposes of child soldiering, domestic servitude,
and commercial sexual exploitation; a small number of Burundian
children may be trafficked internally for domestic servitude or
commercial sexual exploitation; in early 2008, Burundian children
were allegedly trafficked to Uganda, via Rwanda, for agricultural
labor and commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Burundi is on the Tier 2 Watch List
for the second consecutive year for its failure to provide
sufficient evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in
persons in 2007; the government's inability to provide adequate
protective services to children accused of association with armed
groups and to conduct anti-trafficking law enforcement activities
continue to be causes for concern; Burundi has not ratified the 2000
UN TIP Protocol (2008)

Cameroon
current situation: Cameroon is a source, transit, and
destination country for women and children trafficked for the
purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; most
victims are children trafficked within country, with girls primarily
trafficked for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation; both boys
and girls are also trafficked within Cameroon for forced labor in
sweatshops, bars, restaurants, and on tea and cocoa plantations;
children are trafficked into Cameroon from neighboring states for
forced labor in agriculture, fishing, street vending, and
spare-parts shops; Cameroon is a transit country for children
trafficked between Gabon and Nigeria, and from Nigeria to Saudi
Arabia; it is a source country for women transported by
sex-trafficking rings to Europe
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Cameroon is on the Tier 2 Watch
List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to
combat human trafficking in 2007, particularly in terms of efforts
to prosecute and convict trafficking offenders; while Cameroon
reported some arrests of traffickers, none of them were prosecuted
or punished; the government does not identify trafficking victims
among vulnerable populations nor does it monitor the number of
victims it intercepts (2008)

Central African Republic
current situation: Central African Republic
is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and
children trafficked for the purposes of forced labor and sexual
exploitation; the majority of victims are children trafficked within
the country for sexual exploitation, domestic servitude, street
vending, and forced agricultural, mine, market and restaurant labor;
to a lesser extent, children are trafficked from the Central African
Republic to Cameroon, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo;
rebels conscript children into armed forces within the country
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Central African Republic is on the
Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year for its failure to
show evidence of increasing efforts to combat trafficking in 2007;
efforts to address trafficking through vigorous law enforcement
measures and victim protection efforts were minimal, though
awareness about trafficking appeared to be increasing in the
country; the government does not actively investigate cases, work to
identify trafficking victims among vulnerable populations, or rescue
and provide care to victims; the government has not taken measures
to reduce demand for commercial sex acts (2008)