Yemen
Yemen is a low income country that is highly dependent on
declining oil resources for revenue. Petroleum accounts for roughly
25% of GDP and 70% of government revenue. Yemen has tried to counter
the effects of its declining oil resources by diversifying its
economy through an economic reform program initiated in 2006 that is
designed to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreign
investment. In October 2009, Yemen exported its first liquefied
natural gas as part of this diversification effort. In January 2010,
the international community established the Friends of Yemen group
that aims to support Yemen's efforts towards economic and political
reform, and in August 2010 the IMF approved a three-year $370
million program to further this effort. Despite these ambitious
endeavors, Yemen continues to face difficult long term challenges,
including declining water resources and a high population growth
rate.
Zambia
Zambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recent
years, with real GDP growth in 2005-08 about 6% per year.
Privatization of government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relieved
the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the
industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to
return to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output has
increased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices and
foreign investment. In 2005, Zambia qualified for debt relief under
the Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative, consisting of
approximately USD 6 billion in debt relief. Poverty remains a
significant problem in Zambia, despite a stronger economy. Declining
world commodity prices and demand slowed GDP growth in 2008, but a
sharp rebound in copper prices and a bumper maize crop helped Zambia
recover. Lack of economic diversity subjects Zambia to fluctuations
in copper prices and in the weather.
Zimbabwe
The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of
difficult economic problems. Its 1998-2002 involvement in the war in
the Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of
dollars from the economy. The government's land reform program,
characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the
commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and
foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabwe
into a net importer of food products. The EU and the US provide food
aid on humanitarian grounds. Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank of
Zimbabwe routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causing
hyperinflation. The power-sharing government formed in February 2009
has led to some economic improvements, including the cessation of
hyperinflation by eliminating the use of the Zimbabwe dollar and
removing price controls. The economy is registering its first growth
in a decade, but will be reliant on further political improvement
for greater growth.
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Field Listing :: Pipelines
This entry gives the lengths and types of pipelines for transporting products like natural gas, crude oil, or petroleum products. Country
Pipelines(km)
Afghanistan
gas 466 km (2009)
Albania
gas 339 km; oil 207 km (2009)