El Salvador
20 December 1983
Equatorial Guinea
approved by national referendum 17 November 1991;
amended January 1995
Eritrea
adopted on 23 May 1997, but has not yet been fully
implemented
Estonia
adopted 28 June 1992
Ethiopia
ratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995
European Union
none
note: based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which set
up the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; the
Treaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC)
and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; the
Single European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union
(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and the
Treaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,
signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years for
ratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendum
before it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat in
French and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setback
to the ratification process; in June 2007, the European Council
agreed on a clear and concise mandate for an Intergovernmental
Conference to form a political agreement and put it into legal form;
this agreement, known as the Reform Treaty, would have served as a
constitution and was presented to the European Council in October
2007 for individual country ratification; it was rejected by Irish
voters in June 2008, again stalling the ratification process; the
Reform Treaty, more recently known as the Treaty of Lisbon, was
again circulated for ratification, and by November 2009 was approved
by all 27 countries; it came into effect on 1 December 2009
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1 January 2009
Faroe Islands
5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Fiji
enacted on 25 July 1997; effective on 28 July 1998; note - it
encourages multiculturalism and makes multiparty government mandatory
Finland
1 March 2000