Portugal
Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the
territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the
1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Puerto Rico
increasing numbers of illegal migrants from the
Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage to Puerto Rico each year
looking for work
Qatar
none
Romania
the ICJ gave Ukraine until December 2006 to reply, and
Romania until June 2007 to issue a rejoinder, in their dispute
submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor
(Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary delimitation; Romania
also opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from the
Danube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
Russia
China and Russia have demarcated the once disputed islands at
the Amur and Ussuri confluence and in the Argun River in accordance
with the 2004 Agreement, ending their centuries-long border
disputes; the sovereignty dispute over the islands of Etorofu,
Kunashiri, Shikotan, and the Habomai group, known in Japan as the
"Northern Territories" and in Russia as the "Southern Kurils,"
occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, now administered by Russia,
and claimed by Japan, remains the primary sticking point to signing
a peace treaty formally ending World War II hostilities; Russia and
Georgia agree on delimiting all but small, strategic segments of the
land boundary and the maritime boundary; OSCE observers monitor
volatile areas such as the Pankisi Gorge in the Akhmeti region and
the Kodori Gorge in Abkhazia; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia
signed equidistance boundaries in the Caspian seabed but the
littoral states have no consensus on dividing the water column;
Russia and Norway reached an agreement on how to align Barents Sea
and Arctic Ocean boundaries over EEZ and continental shelf in an
agreement signed on 15 September 2010; this agreement is pending
ratification by the respective national assemblies; various groups
in Finland advocate restoration of Karelia (Kareliya) and other
areas ceded to the Soviet Union following the Second World War but
the Finnish Government asserts no territorial demands; in May 2005,
Russia recalled its signatures to the 1996 border agreements with
Estonia (1996) and Latvia (1997), when the two Baltic states
announced issuance of unilateral declarations referencing Soviet
occupation and ensuing territorial losses; Russia demands better
treatment of ethnic Russians in Estonia and Latvia; Estonian citizen
groups continue to press for realignment of the boundary based on
the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty that would bring the now divided ethnic
Setu people and parts of the Narva region within Estonia; Lithuania
and Russia committed to demarcating their boundary in 2006 in
accordance with the land and maritime treaty ratified by Russia in
May 2003 and by Lithuania in 1999; Lithuania operates a simplified
transit regime for Russian nationals traveling from the Kaliningrad
coastal exclave into Russia, while still conforming, as an EU member
state with an EU external border, where strict Schengen border rules
apply; preparations for the demarcation delimitation of land
boundary with Ukraine have commenced; the dispute over the boundary
between Russia and Ukraine through the Kerch Strait and Sea of Azov
remains unresolved despite a December 2003 framework agreement and
on-going expert-level discussions; Kazakhstan and Russia boundary
delimitation was ratified on November 2005 and field demarcation
should commence in 2007; Russian Duma has not yet ratified 1990
Bering Sea Maritime Boundary Agreement with the US
Rwanda
fighting among ethnic groups - loosely associated political
rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces in Great Lakes
region transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic
of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda - abated substantially from a
decade ago due largely to UN peacekeeping, international mediation,
and efforts by local governments to create civil societies;
nonetheless, 57,000 Rwandan refugees still reside in 21 African
states, including Zambia, Gabon, and 20,000 who fled to Burundi in
2005 and 2006 to escape drought and recriminations from traditional
courts investigating the 1994 massacres; the 2005 DROC and Rwanda
border verification mechanism to stem rebel actions on both sides of
the border remains in place
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
none
Saint Kitts and Nevis
joins other Caribbean states to counter
Venezuela's claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a
criterion under UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its
EEZ/continental shelf over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean
Sea
Saint Lucia
joins other Caribbean states to counter Venezuela's
claim that Aves Island sustains human habitation, a criterion under
UNCLOS, which permits Venezuela to extend its EEZ/continental shelf
over a large portion of the eastern Caribbean Sea
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
none