Thailand
separatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Muslim
southern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysia
to stem terrorist activities; Southeast Asian states have enhanced
border surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continue
on completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain over
several islands in the Mekong River; despite continuing border
committee talks, Thailand must deal with Karen and other ethnic
rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities, and as of
2006, over 116,000 Karen, Hmong, and other refugees and asylum
seekers from Burma; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of
historic boundary with missing boundary markers; Cambodia claims
Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory and obstructing access
to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in
1962; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructing
the Hatgyi Dam on the Salween river near the border with Burma; in
2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to halt
construction of 13 dams on the Salween River that flows through
China, Burma, and Thailand
Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste-Indonesia Boundary Committee has resolved
all but some sections of border along Timor-Leste's Oecussi exclave;
maritime boundaries with Indonesia remain unresolved; many refugees
who left Timor-Leste in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse
repatriation; in 2007, Australia and Timor-Leste signed a 50-year
development zone and revenue sharing agreement in lieu of a maritime
boundary
Togo
in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint
commission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006, 14,000
Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who
fled there in 2005
Tokelau
Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega) in
its 2006 draft constitution
Tonga
none
Trinidad and Tobago
in April 2006, the Permanent Court of
Arbitration issued a decision that delimited a maritime boundary
with Trinidad and Tobago and compelled Barbados to enter a fishing
agreement that limited Barbadian fishermen's catches of flying fish
in Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; in 2005, Barbados
and Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory international
arbitration under UNCLOS challenging whether the northern limit of
Trinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends into
Barbadian waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to include
itself in the arbitration as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuela
maritime boundary may extend into its waters as well
Tunisia
none
Turkey
complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece
in the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Syria
and Iraq protest Turkish hydrological projects to control upper
Euphrates waters; Turkey has expressed concern over the status of
Kurds in Iraq; border with Armenia remains closed over
Nagorno-Karabakh
Turkmenistan
cotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan
creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; field
demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005, but
Caspian seabed delimitation remains stalled with Azerbaijan, Iran,
and Kazakhstan due to Turkmenistan's indecision over how to allocate
the sea's waters and seabed
Turks and Caicos Islands have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder