Peru
28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Philippines
12 June 1898 (independence proclaimed from Spain); 4
July 1946 (from the US)
Pitcairn Islands
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Poland
11 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)
Portugal
1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910
(republic proclaimed)
Puerto Rico
none (territory of the US with commonwealth status)
Qatar
3 September 1971 (from the UK)
Romania
9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire;
independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26
March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic
proclaimed)
Russia
24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier
dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January
1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian
Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established)
Rwanda
1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)