Eight days after the affair on Rocky Mount, an attack was made on the British at their posts of the Hanging Rock. The force on this occasion consisted of the same corps of South Carolina militia who had enterprised on the other occasion; they were in number about 600; they had been joined by a few of the militia from North Carolina, and it is a pleasure to reflect on the cordiality and bravery displayed by them on this occasion.
The enemy's force at this post was 1,200 effectives; yet the result was, after an action which lasted through the greatest part of the day, that Major Bryan's corps was totally defeated, the Prince of Wales' regiment exterminated, even its name has never since been recorded. Other detachments from the 63d and 71st, under the command of Major Camden, were also cut up, driven from their encampment with the entire loss of baggage, &c.; and, in the course of this action, Captain Kinlaw, with a squadron of Tarleton's legion, arrived from Rocky Mount, made a desperate charge on the militia, was repulsed by them, and fled to Camden, without attempting to renew the combat. In this, as well as other actions, it ought to be remembered how many field officers, brave captains, and other officers, as well as valuable citizens, fell, or were wounded, while another nation had to regret in this action alone the loss of upwards of 800 men.
Passing by a number of important and considerable conflicts which took place between the British regulars and the Southern militia, still unsupported by regulars of our own army, said Mr. S., I come now to mention the attack which was made in the neighborhood of Winnesborough, while Lord Cornwallis laid in that town, upon the South Carolina militia, by a British regular force under Majors Wymes and McCarthy, supported by two troops of cavalry, the whole corps drawn together and formed for the purpose; after various charges made by the infantry and cavalry, and after repeated repulses, the enemy was totally repelled, their commanding officer wounded and taken, together with a number of his corps, and the rest were dispersed.
On the return of Colonel Tarleton to Winnesborough another effort was made, and from the number as well as the nature of the troops employed, it was certainly intended to be effectual in driving the South Carolina militia from that part of the country; for it was Tarleton's legion, McCarthy's corps, and that part of the 63d, under Major Money, which troops were led to the attack of the militia on the 20th of November; the result of this action is known to those who do not wish to detract from the merit of the militia. The enemy's detachment consisted of 270 legionary horse, and upwards of 400 regular infantry, with two field-pieces; the militia were between five and six hundred, without (as indeed they were through all the actions I have described) a single piece of artillery. In the number of militia are included some Georgians, who not only acquired honor to themselves from their exertions on that day, but did honor to their country. The fate of the British cavalry was then decided; they had been formerly unconquerable, but after that day they were never known to be brought to act with either energy or effect.
Knowing the ardor and firmness of the Southern militia, and not doubting but the militia of the several States in the Union possess equal motives for their exertions, equal spirit and activity, I cannot, said Mr. S., but rely on them as the natural and main support of our national independence—a support fully effectual without a recurrence to a standing army. These few cases, and it is stopping very short indeed of what the merits of the Southern militia deserve, tend to show that the charges brought against the militia generally are as unfounded as they are cruel to their feelings; while, at the same time, they demonstrate, that if an invasion (which is a contingency by no means likely to happen) should actually take place, we may rely with confidence on the manly exertions of the militia to meet the attack, and to resist every effort, at least for such a period as until more effective aid shall be drawn down to their support, and more permanent measures adopted.
The question for striking out twenty thousand to insert five thousand, was put and negatived—47 to 41.
The question now returned upon striking out twenty thousand to insert ten thousand.
Mr. N. Smith hoped this amendment would not be agreed to. It was contemplated, when this reduction was proposed, that the power should be given to the President for three years; but it was now restricted to the recess of Congress. He did not himself think that at present there was any danger of an invasion, nor did he believe that imminent danger of an invasion would exist, whilst the war continued between France and England; but, whenever a peace shall take place between those two powers, the question ought then to be taken whether this country ought not immediately to go into preparations for war; and if Congress were not in session at the time, the President ought to have the power of determining this question. It will depend on several circumstances; on what kind of peace was made; upon what ground parties stood when peace was made; on the situation of France at the time; on what kind of men are in power; on the situation of this country; on what is the state of parties here at the time; what is the number of those who are opposed to the Government; how many there are of those who wish to lull the rest to sleep; and what is the amount of spies in the country. All these will be important considerations to be decided at the time, and if it shall then appear that imminent danger does exist, will twenty thousand men be too large a number to raise? He believed not.
The question for striking out twenty thousand, and inserting ten thousand, was put and carried, 54 votes being in favor of it.
The question next came up on agreeing to the section proposed by the select committee, for authorizing the President, from time to time, as he shall deem it necessary, to call forth in rotation such portion, not exceeding at any one time the number of twenty thousand men, of the detachments of the United States, authorized by the act of the 24th of June last, as may be conveniently mustered together, and cause them to be trained and disciplined by their proper officers, either in their respective States, or in one corps, to be drawn from two or more adjoining States, for a term not exceeding ——; for which time the officers and men shall be considered as in actual service and be paid and governed accordingly.