Upon the whole, therefore, I am fully satisfied, that no power is given by the constitution to control the press, and that such laws are expressly prohibited by the amendment. I think it inconsistent with the nature of our Government, that its administration should have power to restrain animadversions on public measures; and for protection from private injury from defamation, the States are fully competent. It is to them that our officers must look for protection of persons, estates, and every other personal right; and, therefore, I see no reason why it is not proper to rely upon it, for defence against private libels.
The call for the question being loud,
Mr. McDowell rose, and hoped the question would not now be taken, but that the committee would rise, it being now a late hour of the day, and he doubted not other gentlemen would wish to deliver their sentiments upon this important question; and he thought an hour or two of to-morrow might be well employed in the discussion of this subject—a subject which had been brought before the House by the people, and ought, therefore, to receive a full discussion. He moved the committee to rise.
The question on rising, was put and negatived—55 to 42.
The question was then taken on the resolution, and carried, 52 votes being in favor of it.
The question was then taken upon the third resolution, which was carried without a division.
The committee then rose, and the question being upon concurring in the agreement of the committee for the first resolution,
Mr. Livingston entered upon a defence of the sentiments which he delivered when the passage of this law was under consideration, which, he said, had been much misrepresented; but, after making some progress in his observations, the Speaker declaring them unconnected with the question before the House, he sat down, and the first resolution was decided by yeas and nays, and stood—52 to 48, as follows:
Yeas.—John Allen, George Baer, jr., Bailey Bartlett, James A. Bayard, Jonathan Brace, David Brooks, Stephen Bullock, Christopher G. Champlin, John Chapman, James Cochran, William Craik, Samuel W. Dana, John Dennis, William Edmond, Thomas Evans, Abiel Foster, Dwight Foster, Jonathan Freeman, Henry Glenn, Chauncey Goodrich, William Gordon, Roger Griswold, William Barry Grove, Robert Goodloe Harper, Thomas Hartley, William Hindman, Hezekiah L. Hosmer, James H. Imlay, Samuel Lyman, James Machir, William Matthews, Daniel Morgan, Lewis R. Morris, Harrison G. Otis, Isaac Parker, Thomas Pinckney, John Read, John Rutledge, jr., James Schureman, Samuel Sewall, William Shepard, Thomas Sinnickson, Nathaniel Smith, Peleg Sprague, George Thatcher, Richard Thomas, Mark Thompson, Thomas Tillinghast, John E. Van Allen, Peleg Wadsworth, Robert Waln, and John Williams.
Nays.—Abraham Baldwin, David Bard, Thomas Blount, Richard Brent, Robert Brown, Samuel J. Cabell, Thomas Claiborne, William Charles Cole Claiborne, Matthew Clay, John Clopton, Thos. T. Davis, John Dawson, George Dent, Joseph Eggleston, Lucas Elmendorph, William Findlay, John Fowler, Nathaniel Freeman, jr., Albert Gallatin, James Gillespie, Andrew Gregg, John A. Hanna, Carter B. Harrison, Jonathan N. Havens, Joseph Heister, David Holmes, Walter Jones, Edward Livingston, Matthew Locke, Matthew Lyon, Nathaniel Macon, Blair McClenachan, Joseph McDowell, Anthony New, John Nicholas, Josiah Parker, Thompson J. Skinner, Samuel Smith, William Smith, Richard Sprigg, Richard Stanford, Thos. Sumter, Abram Trigg, John Trigg, Philip Van Cortlandt, Joseph B. Varnum, Abraham Venable, and Robert Williams.