From his being unprepared, what he offered was submitted more in the form of hints than of correct arguments. But it seemed to him that if the construction contended for should prevail, it would disfranchise the corporations of Georgetown and Alexandria, and all other corporations within the District. Would it not place the Territory in the situation of a conquered country? According to this construction, the Territory was in a state of anarchy, and murder, if committed, would be no crime.
Further, if the constitutional provision is obligatory upon us to assume exclusive legislation, are we not bound to establish uniform laws throughout the entire District? and of course are we not prohibited from establishing one system in one place, and a different system in another?
One other objection merited the gentleman's notice. The laws of Virginia precluded every officer under its Government from holding any Federal office.
From the impression made on his mind by these considerations, Mr. R. said, he would be wanting to himself and his country, if he agreed to the bill. He hoped, therefore, that the Committee would rise, and not precipitate a decision.
Mr. Harper was in favor of the motion that the committee should rise, for the purpose of recommitting the bill to a select committee. He would state his reasons: The object of the first section was to assume the jurisdiction. That was his object. He wished the establishment of a Judiciary competent to the carrying into effect the laws now existing. He wished this object to be accomplished in a fair, open, direct way. At some future period Congress might find it necessary to enter on a system of legislation in detail, and to have established numerous police regulations. At this time, the present exigency would be provided for by confirming the laws of Virginia and Maryland, and by giving effect to them by the institution of a competent Judicial authority.
Mr. Nicholas said, that he should vote for the committee rising, from a different motive from that which actuated the gentleman from South Carolina. He hoped the business would be suffered for the present to sleep.
The construction given to the constitution by the gentleman from New York, did not render it merely expedient in Congress to assume jurisdiction, but rendered it an absolute duty. In reply to his remarks, the gentleman had alleged that the authority given by the constitution in relation to this Territory, differed from the other powers vested in Congress, inasmuch as the former investment of power had connected it with the word exclusive; whereas the latter had not. The meaning which Mr. N. affixed to that word, was altogether different from the one now contended for. The constitution does not say Congress shall possess exclusive power of legislation; but that they shall have power of exercising exclusive legislation.
The acts of cession and acceptance contained a construction directly opposed to that now made. They declare that the laws of Maryland and Virginia shall continue till Congress shall alter them. Their cessation is made to depend on an uncertain event, viz: whether Congress shall legislate or not. Not a tittle in the constitution or in our practice, under the constitution, infringed our liberty to act or not to act.
What would be the effect of this law on the inhabitants of the Territory? It would impose on them the laws of Maryland and Virginia, as they existed on a particular day, without any capability of improvement from the improved code of those States.
Mr. N. had heard of no inconveniences which had arisen from the non-assumption of power by Congress. The people in the Territory of Columbia had been a happy people for more than a hundred years under their State Governments; and, he had no doubt, would remain so without the interposition of Congress, who, at present, were unqualified to act.