"Resolved, That a committee be appointed to bring in a bill to authorize the President of the United States to grant, in fee simple, to John C. Symmes and his associates, that part of a tract of land, the boundaries whereof are ascertained by a survey executed in conformity to the act of Congress, entitled 'An act for ascertaining the bounds of a tract of land purchased by J. C. Symmes,' and returned to the Treasury Department the 10th of January, 1794, which is not included within the bounds of a grant already made, on September 8, 1794, to the said J. C. Symmes and his associates; excepting and reserving out of the same the lots reserved by the original contract, entered into between the United States and the said Symmes and his associates; provided that the said Symmes and his associates shall previously, in conformity to the terms of the original contract, make the requisite payment for the tract to be granted to them, and for the 47,625 acres, part of the grant already made to them on the 30th September, 1794, for which they have not yet paid any consideration; and provided, also, that the township reserved for an Academy shall have been previously laid off and secured, according to the terms of the contract, and of the resolutions and law of Congress relative thereto."
Friday, February 17.
Increase of Duties.
BROWN SUGAR.
Mr. W. Smith said, the proposed increase, it was calculated, would raise 110,000 dollars, and as the article was not liable to be smuggled, nor its consumption to be decreased, it would be a certain, and he thought, an eligible tax.
Mr. Holland had no doubt but this tax would augment the revenue; but he knew also that it would fall more upon the poor than upon the rich, and he thought they ought not to add to their burdens. He thought there were other articles which would bear some addition, but either brown sugar or salt would be much felt. If they studied that which would be burdensome, here they might fix, but he hoped this was not the principle. By advancing an article so universally used, a rise of labor (already too high) must naturally follow.
Mr. Kitchell believed the rich and opulent would bear their portion of this tax as well as the poor, as it would fall upon fine sugar as well as upon brown. It would therefore be paid in proportion to the sugar used, and would fall as equally as any other tax which could be laid.
In this instance, Mr. K. said, gentlemen seemed apprehensive of the poor bearing too great a part of the burden; but, if the direct tax on land were to take place, would it not, he asked, fall much heavier upon the poor than a tax on sugar? He believed it would; since the poor who held lands would be called upon to pay their portion of it, whilst the rich who held no lands, would escape it. He, therefore, thought this a far preferable tax.
Mr. Dearborn said, if further revenue was necessary, he could not conceive any article which would bear an advance of duty better than the one proposed. The present duty, he said, was one and a half cent a pound, and could it be supposed that to lay an additional half cent upon it, could make much difference to the consumer, or that it would ever be felt, or that, at the end of a year, it would be discovered whether one and a half or two cents duty had been paid upon a pound of sugar? He should have no objection, instead of half a cent, to lay an additional cent upon this article. In various parts of the country, brown sugar was retailed at from 12 to 20 cents a pound, the price being much increased from the present distressed situation of the West Indies. But they would find sugar of the same quality selling in one place for 12, in another for 14 or 16 cents; therefore, whether the duty was one or two cents, he did not think it would be felt by any body. It was true, that it was an article used by the middling and lower classes of the people; but the tax falling upon fine as well as brown sugar, all parts of the community would bear an equal share in the burden.
Mr. Williams moved to strike out the half cent, and insert a cent. It appeared to him that such an advance could not materially affect the consumer. The people, it was true, might use less; but, if they did so, as it was an article of luxury, every pound of sugar less which was consumed, would be of benefit to the country, by keeping the money which it cost in a foreign market at home. But he did not believe that this would be the case; or that the proposed additional duty would increase the price of labor, as had been suggested. He believed the price of labor would be regulated by the price which the farmer was enabled to get for his produce. Whatever the farmer could afford to give his laborer (especially in this country where agriculture is the true interest) would fix the price of all other labor.