Gum-copal, in clear lumps26.5 lbs.
Boiled linseed oil42.5 lbs.
Spirits turpentine31. lbs.

This varnish is made in a copper vessel, smallest at the top, in the form of a still.

Put the copal in the vessel, set it on a charcoal fire for one hour, in which time it will melt, and all the watery particles will evaporate. Add the oil whilst the copal is warm, but not boiling hot. When nearly cool add the turpentine, which will give it a proper consistency for use.

For 5 lbs. copal, and the proper proportions of oil and turpentine, the vessel should hold six gallons. Not safely made on board ship.

Japan varnish.

Litharge4 lbs.
Boiled oil87 lbs.
Spirits turpentine2 lbs.
Red-lead6 lbs.
Umber1 lb.
Gum-shellac8 lbs.
Sugar-of-lead2 lbs.
White vitriol1 lb.

Japan varnish is generally purchased from the paint-sellers. It is made by boiling on a slow charcoal fire for five hours all the ingredients except the turpentine and a small portion of the oil. The latter is added as required to check the ebullition and to allay the froth which rises to the surface. It must be continually stirred with a wooden spatula. Great care is necessary to prevent it from taking fire, and therefore it cannot be safely made on board ship.

The turpentine is added after the varnish is nearly cool, and is stirred well in. The varnish must be kept in tin cans closely corked.

Olive paste.

Yellow ochre, pulverized68. lbs.
Lampblack1.1 lbs.
Boiled oil37. lbs.
Spirits turpentine0.4 lb.