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10. The Germans.—The Germans—Protestant, Catholic, and Jew—push frontiers westward, fashion the Kentucky rifle, build “Switzer” barn and Conestoga wagon, and develop agriculture, forestry, music, art, education, and science.

DuBois, R. and Schweppe, E. (eds). Germans in American Life. Thomas Nelson and Sons, New York. 1936.

Faust, A. B. German Element in the United States. (2 vols.) Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston, Mass. 1927.

Hark, Ann. Hex Marks the Spot. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, Pa. 1938.

11. The Scandinavians.—Swedes, Norwegians, and Finns settle North-Central States, introducing log cabins, co-operatives, progressive dairy methods, social consciousness, gymnastics, and folk high schools.

Benson, Adolph B. and Hedin, Naboth (eds). The Swedes in America. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn. 1938.

Havighurst, Walter. Upper Mississippi: A Wilderness Saga. Farrar and Rinehart, N. Y. 1937.

Rölvaag, O. E. Giants in the Earth. McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, Canada. 1937.

12. Closing Frontiers.—When there is no more good free land to settle, immigrants crowd into our cities to supply demand for unskilled labor.