Synthetic resins and their raw materials / A survey of the types and uses of synthetic resins, the organization of the industry, and the trade in resins and raw materials, with particular references to factors essential to tariff consideration. Under the general provisions of section 332, title III, part II, Tariff act of 1930. - United States Tariff Commission

Table 21.—Synthetic resins and other plastics: Electrical properties

Type	Volume resistivity (50 percent relative humidity) (ohm = cms)	Breakdown voltage, 60 cycles (volts per mil (instantaneous))	Dielectric constant			Power factor
Type			60 cycles	10³ cycles	10⁶ cycles	60 cycles	10³ cycles	10⁶ cycles
Synthetic resins:
Tar-acid—Formaldehyde:
Molded, wood flour filler	10¹⁰-10¹²	300-500	5-12	4-8	4.5-8	0.04-0.30	0.04-0.15	0.035-0.1.
Molded, mineral filler	10⁹-10¹¹	250-400	5-20	4.5-20	4.5-20	0.10-0.30	0.10-0.15	0.005-0.1.
Molded, fabric filler	10⁹-10¹¹	300-450	5-10	4.5-6	4.5-6	0.08-0.30	0.08-0.20	0.04-0.1.
Laminated, paper base	10¹⁰-10¹³	400-1,300			4-6			0.02-0.05.
Laminated, fabric base	10¹⁰-10¹²	150-600			4.5-7			0.02-0.08.
Laminated, asbestos cloth base		90
Cast	10⁹-10¹⁴	300-450	5-10		5-7	0.025-0.20	0.005-0.08	0.01-0.045.
Tar-acid—Furfural:
Wood flour filler	10¹⁰-10¹²	400-600		4-8	6-7.5		0.04-0.15	0.035-0.1.
Mineral filler	10⁹-10¹¹	200-500		4.5-20	5-18		0.1-0.15	0.04-0.1.
Fabric filler	0.4 × 10¹¹	200-500		4.5-6	5-7.5		0.08-0.20	0.035-0.1.
Urea—Formaldehyde	(2-2.8) × 10¹³	650-720	6.6		6	0.034		0.01-0.03.
Vinyl, unfilled	10¹⁴	400-500			4		0.0143	0.0175.
Vinyl, filled	10¹¹	350-400		4.7	4		0.02-0.15	0.02-0.065.
Acrylate	10¹⁵	480	4-6		2.8	0.06-0.08		0.02.
Polystyrene	10¹⁷-10¹⁸	500-700	2.6	2.65	2.7	0.0003	0.0001	0.0001.
Other plastics:
Shellac compound		100-400
Cold molded:
Nonrefractory	1.3 × 10¹²	85	15		6	0.20		0.07.
Refractory
Rubber compounds:
Chlorinated rubber		2,300	ca. 3			0.003
Modified isomerized rubber	(5-7) × 10¹⁶		2.7	2.68		0.006		0.0016.
Hard rubber	10¹²-10¹⁵	250-900	2.8		3			0.003-0.008.
Casein		400-700			6.15-6.8			0.052.
Cellulose compounds:
Ethyl cellulose		1,500		3.72			0.011
Cellulose acetate sheet	(5-30) × 10¹²	800-2,500	5.1-7.5		4.2-5.3	0.025-0.07		0.038-0.091.
Cellulose acetate molding	(4.2-6.2) × 10¹²	800-850	5.8-6.0		4.4-4.6	0.042-0.058		0.038-0.042.
Cellulose nitrate	(2-30) × 10¹⁰	600-1,200	6.7-7.3		6.15	0.062-0.144		0.074-0.097.

Note.—The values for the properties in this table are based upon maximum and minimum figures submitted to Modern Plastics by a number of manufacturers of each type of material. Differences in test procedures and sizes of test specimens may lead to erroneous conclusions in some cases if direct comparisons are attempted. Special grades of materials are often available which excel in one particular property.

Source: Modern Plastics, vol. 15, No. 2, opp. p. 120. October 1937.

Table 22.—Synthetic resins and other plastics: Specific gravity, specific volume, and resistance to other substances

Type	Specific gravity	Specific volume	Water absorption, immersion 24 hours¹	Effect of weak acids	Effect of strong acids	Effect of weak alkalies	Effect of strong alkalies	Effect of organic solvents
		Cubic inches per pound
Synthetic resins:
Tar-acid—Formaldehyde:
Molded, wood flour filler	1.34-1.52	20.7-18.2	0.2-0.6	None to slight.	Varies²	Slight to marked	Decomposes	None.³
Molded, mineral filler	1.70-2.09	16.4-13.3	0.01-0.3	do.	do.²	do.	do.	Do.³
Molded, fabric filler	1.37-1.40	20.2-19.8	1.0-1.3	do.	do.²	do.	do.	Do.³
Laminated, paper base	1.34-1.55	20.7-17.8	0.5-9.0	do.	do.²	do.	do.	Do.³
Laminated, fabric base	1.34-1.55	20.7-17.8	0.5-9.0	do.	do.²	do.	do.	Do.³
Laminated, asbestos cloth base	1.6-1.65	17.3-16.8	0.5	do.	do.²	do.	do.	Do.³
Cast	1.27-1.32	21.8-20.0	0.01-0.5	do.		do.	do.	Do.
Tar-acid—Furfural:
Wood flour filler	1.3-1.4	21.3-19.8	0.2-0.6	do.	do.²	do.	do.	Do.
Mineral filler	1.6-2.0	17.3-13.9	0.01-0.15	do.	do.²	do.	do.	Do.
Fabric filler	1.3-1.4	21.3-19.8	0.8-1.4	do.	do.²	do.	do.	Do.
Urea—Formaldehyde	1.48-1.50	18.7-16.5	1-2	do.	Decomposed or surface attacked.	do.	do.	Do.
Vinyl, unfilled	1.34-1.36	20.7-20.4	0.05-0.15	Resistant	Resistant	Resistant	Resistant	(⁴).
Vinyl, filled	1.35-2.5	20.5-11.1	0.2-4.0	Dependent on filler.	Dependent on filler.	Dependent on filler.	Dependent on filler.	(⁴).
Acrylate	1.18	23.3	0.3	None	Oxidizing acids attack surface.	None	Slight	(⁵).
Polystyrene	1.05-1.07	26.3-25.8	0	do.	None	do.	None	Widely soluble.
Other plastics:
Shellac compound	1.1-2.7	25.2-10.3		Deteriorates	Deteriorates	Deteriorates	Deteriorates	Attacked by some.
Cold molded:
Nonrefractory	1.98-2.0	14.0-13.9	1.5	Slight	Decomposes	Decomposes	Decomposes	Do.
Refractory	2.2	12.6	0.5-15	Decomposes	do.	None	None	None.
Rubber compounds:
Chlorinated rubber	1.5	18.5	0.1-0.3	Resistant	Resistant	Resistant	Resistant	Soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons.
Modified isomerized rubber	1.06	26.1	0.02	do.	do.	do.	do.	Attacked by some.
Hard rubber	1.12-1.8	24.7-15.4	0.02	do.	Attacked by oxidizing acids.	do.	do.	Do.
Casein	1.35	20.5	3-7	do.	Decomposes	Softens	Decomposes	Resistant.
Cellulose compounds:
Ethyl cellulose	1.14	24.3	⁶1.25	Slight	Decomposes	None	None.	Widely soluble.
Cellulose acetate sheet	1.27-1.37	21.8-20.2	1.5-3.0	do	do	Slight	Decomposes	(⁷).
Cellulose acetate molding	1.27-1.63	21.8-17.0	1.4-2.8	do	do	do	do	(⁷).
Cellulose nitrate	1.35-1.60	20.5-17.3	1.0-3.0	do	do	do	do	(⁷).

¹ ASTM D48-33.

² Decomposed by oxidizing acids; reducing and organic acids no effect.

³ On bleed-proof materials.