(a) Flashing light signals. Flashing light signals are made with a dot-and-dash blinker light. The light is on top of the pilot house for greater visibility and is mounted so it can be shone in any direction.
(b) Flag signaling. The ship carries complete sets of International flags and pennants and hand flags for signaling by semaphore.
d. Main engine.
(1) The main engine is an 8-cylinder, supercharged 4-cycle Diesel capable of developing 1,300 hp. (See fig. [12].)
(2) The engine has an air starting system; pressure lubrication for all running parts except the pistons, which are lubricated by oil thrown into the cylinder walls by the cranks; and an indirect cooling system in which clean soft water is circulated in a closed circuit and cooled by sea water in the heat exchangers. The fuel system uses a manifold in which fuel is maintained at constant pressure but in which there is no pressure on the injection valves except during the actual time of injection.
e. Auxiliary engines. Diesel and gasoline auxiliary engines furnish power for the ship’s generators, compressors, and pumps. Typical of the auxiliary engine installations are the 120-hp Diesels used to drive the fire pumps. (See fig. [13].)
f. Electrical systems and generators. Electricity for the ship’s lighting system and for the electrically operated equipment are furnished by Diesel or gasoline-driven generators. In case the main generator fails, an emergency generator starts automatically. If all generators should fail, batteries supply the power. (See fig. [14].)
g. Lifeboats. The ship carries two 26-foot power whaleboats, two oar-propelled lifeboats, life rafts, and a number of small rubber floats. (See figs. [1], [15] and [16].)
The two life rafts (figs. [1] and [16]) are mounted on skids at an angle of about 45°. Each skid has a releasing device that permits quick release of the raft into the water or will let it float free if the ship sinks.
h. Mooring and towing.