Signaling.—From [figure 12] it will be seen that in either hand set, when neither the ringing nor the talking switch is closed, a condenser within the hand set is in series with the transmitter and the receiver, so that the practical effect is to permit an alternating or variable current to pass through the transmitter and the receiver, but to prevent a direct or continuous current from so doing.
By pressing the ringing key of either hand set the circuit in that hand set is closed through the 1,000 ohms resistance and the receiver to ground. Thus, when the ringing key of the boat hand set is pressed, this allows the direct current from the battery to pass ([see fig. 12]) through f, e, d, c, “B,” b, a, line, the ringing key, 1,000-ohm resistance, and receiver of the boat hand set, to ground, and back through o and p to battery. Similarly, a circuit through the battery, f, “A,” and a, is made, thus placing relays “A” and “B” in parallel. The relay “B” operates, but relay “A,” being less sensitive than “B,” does not operate. Relay “B” closes the circuit at l, and thus completes the circuit from battery through f, e, d, c, k, l, “C,” o, p, back to battery. This causes relay “C” to operate and to complete a local circuit from battery through f, e, d, k, m, s, primary, t, vibrator, p, back to battery, causing the vibrator to vibrate and inducing in the secondary winding of the induction coil an alternating current, which passes through the 1 M. F. and 2 M. F. condensers, through the hand sets in parallel, and by alternately increasing and decreasing the attraction of the receiver magnets for their diaphragms produces a loud humming sound in each receiver.
Similarly the shore station may call the boat station.
FIG. 12.—BOAT TELEPHONE, MODEL 1909.
Talking.—When the ringing key is released and the talking key is depressed the 1,000-ohm resistance is cut out and the condenser in the hand set is short circuited. The current is then sufficient to operate relay “A,” and this relay in operating allows the other relays to resume their normal positions.
When the variations in the pressure upon the transmitter diaphragm in either hand set varies the resistance of the corresponding branch circuit a slight variation in the current from the battery is produced. The internal resistance of the battery is sufficient to produce a slight variation in its terminal voltage. The resulting variations in the line voltage, and hence in the drop across the receivers, produce the usual vibrations in the receiver diaphragms. These variations also produce slight variations in the current through the primary winding of the induction coil, resulting in greater variations across the terminals of the secondary winding. Since the secondary winding is in series with the battery, the practical effect is to amplify the variations in the line voltage, and hence in the talking currents.
Successful working of the relays is obtained only by a careful adjustment of the screws which regulate the throw of the armatures. The relay “A” is located in front of the “+” battery post, the relay “C” in front of the “G” post.
In addition to the above matériel there are necessary for the mine system certain electrical instruments, as well as tools, appliances, and supplies requiring no special description, which are enumerated in the supply list. ([Appendix 8].)
Figures [17a] and [17b], at the end of the book, show the construction of an improvised mine target.