Mrs. Paine. The Golden Age Club consisted of people over the age of 60, all of them Jewish.

Mr. Jenner. Were they all emigres?

Mrs. Paine. To the best of my knowledge, all or certainly nearly all were emigres. In fact, most of them had come from, a good many of them had come from Kiev, and they had come around the turn of the century.

Mr. Jenner. That is a city in Russia?

Mrs. Paine. Yes; and they spoke Yiddish in conducting their business meetings, to one another, although since most of them, all of them had been in this country for a long time they understood English and spoke it. There were some who did not read and write English, and I undertook to teach a few.

Mr. Jenner. What was your particular activity in connection with this group?

Mrs. Paine. I was to help them in achieving their plans for parties and club activities and to act as liaison between the club and the Y, which sponsored the club.

Mr. Jenner. Were these elderly people, set in their ways, who avoided change?

Mrs. Paine. I felt it would be quite a remarkable group of very interesting people, and very able people. I felt that as a club leader I didn't really need to do much more than stay out of their way and help them in communication between one another and specifically in communication between the club and the organization, the Y.

Mr. Jenner. In general, what was their view towards the United States of America, as a group?