Mr. Ballen. Yes; he said he ran into difficulty, and that he was not ashamed of his background and wasn't going to conceal it, and that in this particular geographic area that he was just finding it hard as heck to gain employment.

I could understand that, and I said, "Well, let's see what kind of training you have, if you get employment."

And I was struck with almost a total lack of any meaningful training other than what he had mentioned which I have already covered.

Mr. Liebeler. Did he tell you any specific details of the kind of work he did in the Soviet Union?

Mr. Ballen. I have the impression that these were menial jobs. I am sure I discussed it with him. I am sure I would have asked him, and I have the impression that he had menial jobs, and that he would have worked in some kind of publication function, and he had learned about camera and reproduction equipment.

Mr. Liebeler. Did he tell you how much he was paid?

Mr. Ballen. He did say that the economics there were awfully tight.

Mr. Liebeler. Do you recall specifically his mentioning any figure as to what his income was?

Mr. Ballen. No.

Mr. Liebeler. Did he indicate in any way that he had received income while he was in the Soviet Union from sources other than this—his job?