Creelman, Hon. Samuel, Round Bank, Upper Stewiacke, member of the Legislative Council of Nova Scotia, was born at Upper Stewiacke, Colchester county, Nova Scotia, 19th November, 1808. He is a son of William and Hannah (Tupper) Creelman, his father being the grandson of Samuel Creelman, who with his family emigrated from Newton Limavady, county of Londonderry, Ireland, in 1760. After residing for a time in Lunenburg and Halifax, he settled in Amherst, and at the time of the taking the census in 1872, was possessed of the largest stock of cattle owned in the township. Thence he removed to the locality now known as Princeport, Truro. His eldest son, Samuel, was one of the original grantees of the Upper Stewiacke grant, where he settled with his family in 1784, and where he died in 1834, aged 84 years. He became the possessor of sufficient land to furnish each of his six sons with a good sized farm on the river. Hannah Tupper, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was the great granddaughter of the late David Archibald, the eldest of the four Archibald brothers who emigrated to Truro from Londonderry, Ireland, by the way of New Hampshire, U.S. He was the first representative for Truro in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, and the first justice of the peace appointed in Truro. His name also stood at the head of the first list of Presbyterian elders in the Truro congregation. Her grandfathers, Colonel Robert Archibald and Eliakim Tupper, and Samuel Tupper, her father, all held the office of justice of the peace, and of elders in the Presbyterian Church. The Hon. Mr. Creelman received a common school education in Stewiacke, and studied for one winter under the late James Ross, D.D., Dalhousie College, at West River. He resided with his father and labored on the farm until of age, when, owing to delicacy of health, he spent a winter, as above stated, and in the spring followed teaching for a time, when he then engaged in trade, in which he was moderately successful. After his marriage he engaged in agricultural pursuits, which he has since followed. In 1842 he was appointed a justice of the peace, and a trustee of Truro Academy. Shortly after entering political life, he was elected in 1847 to represent the county of Colchester in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia and represented this constituency until 1851, when he was chosen for South Colchester, and from that year until 1855 he represented it, when he was defeated at the polls. He was financial secretary of the government from 1851 to 1856; and was appointed a member of the Legislative Council in 1860. He was leader of the opposition in the Assembly until the resignation of the Hill administration in 1878, when he accepted the portfolio of commissioner of public works and mines in the Thompson administration that followed. This office he held until the fall of the administration, which took place in 1882. At this time the Hon. Mr. Creelman was in London, England, as a delegate on behalf of his government, whose object was the carrying out an arrangement with a syndicate for consolidating the railways of Nova Scotia. The new government recalled him and appointed another delegate in his place, but shortly afterwards the scheme was abandoned. He was reappointed to the Legislative Council, in 1867. Hon. Mr. Creelman has been very active in promoting all measures for the advancement of education and temperance. He introduced the bill for the establishment of a Provincial Normal School; and was the chairman of the commission appointed by the government for the erection of the first Normal School building in Truro, in 1854. When financial secretary he supported the bill for the prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors, which was carried through the House of Assembly, but defeated in the Legislative Council. Here we may say that the Hon. Mr. Creelman is the oldest member of the Nova Scotia legislature, and that the Hon. Judge Henry is the only one now living (besides himself) who held a seat in it when he first entered it. He is a large shareholder in the Hopewell Woollen Mills Company, and was formerly the principal shareholder in the Mulgrave Woollen Company, Upper Stewiacke. In 1830 he joined a Temperance society, and has been a total abstainer ever since, and an earnest and efficient worker in the cause. In 1849 he became a Son of Temperance, and in 1868 was elected grand worthy patriarch of the Grand Division of Nova Scotia. He has been president of the Nova Scotia Alliance, and is a vice-president at present and a member of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance of North America, having been initiated in that body in 1871. In 1878 he occupied the position of president of the Sunday-school Convention for the Maritime Provinces, held at Truro. He is a life member of the Nova Scotia Bible Society, and a member of the Young Men’s Christian Association, Halifax. He has also been a member of the Historical Society of Halifax for some years past. In 1882 he visited London, Liverpool, and several cities in England; Edinburgh and Glasgow, in Scotland; Paris, in France; and Belfast, Newton Limavady and Derry, in Ireland. He and his father were both elected elders in the Presbyterian church in 1851. On several occasions Mr. Creelman has been sent as a delegate to the General Assembly of that church, and attended its meetings at Montreal, Ottawa, and Halifax; and he has also attended meetings of the Synod of the Maritime provinces in connection with the same religious body. He has been a Sabbath school teacher for over fifty years. Previous to confederation Hon. Mr. Creelman worked in union with the Liberal party, having for his associates Hon. Messrs. Howe, the Youngs, Archibald, Uniacke, etc., but since then he has become a Liberal-Conservative. Owing to the infirmities of age, especially defective hearing, he is now unable to take the very active part in the legislature and in other public bodies which he previously did. Round Bank, the farm on which he now resides, is within a mile of his birth place. When in government offices his residence was in Halifax. On the 11th February, 1834, he married Elizabeth Elliot Ellis, who still survives. She is the eldest daughter of the late John Ellis, whose father emigrated from the North of Ireland nearly 100 years ago. Her mother was the daughter of the late James Dechman, of Halifax, who came from Scotland many years ago.
Hind, Professor Henry Youle, M.A., Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born in Nottingham, England, on the 1st of June, 1823, and came to Canada in 1846. The family, on the paternal side, came originally from the county of Cumberland, England, where some of the old stock still remain on lands which have been in the family for several centuries. On the mother’s side (who was a Miss Youle), they came from Scotland, a portion of the Youle family having settled in Newark, Nottinghamshire, in 1680. Until the age of fourteen years, Henry was educated as a private pupil, jointly with his cousin, J. R. Hind, now the astronomer, by the Rev. W. Butler, head master of the Nottinghamshire Grammar School, then he was sent to Leipsic to the Handel Schule, where he remained two years. After two years further study in England, under the Rev. W. Butler, he went to Cambridge, where he resided several terms, but did not graduate, going to France for further proficiency in the French language. In 1846 he returned to England, and soon after sailed for America. In 1848 he was appointed mathematical master and lecturer in chemistry of the Provincial Normal School, Toronto, where he remained about five years, or until he accepted the chair of chemistry and geology, in the University of Trinity College, Toronto, and this chair he filled for thirteen years. In 1857, while still a professor in Trinity College, he was named by the Canadian government as geologist to the first Red River expedition. In 1858 he was placed in command of the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan exploring expedition. In 1860 the Imperial government published his reports on these expeditions; and in these blue books we find the first map of the now celebrated “fertile belt” of the North-West, as described and delineated by Professor Hind. In 1861, assisted by the Canadian government, he explored a portion of the interior of the Labrador peninsula, reaching, by Moisie river, the sources of the rivers which flow from the great Labrador plateau to Hudson Bay, the north-east Atlantic, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In his account of these explorations, published by Longmans, in 1863, Professor Hind first describes the then known extent and character of the Canadian fisheries. In 1864 he resigned his professorship in Trinity College to undertake a preliminary geological survey of New Brunswick, for the government of that province. Up to this date the literary work accomplished by the subject of this notice is as follows:—“The Canadian Journal;” a repertory of Industry, Science and Art. Edited 1852-1855. Three vols., quarto. Toronto: Maclear & Co. “Prize Report on the Improvement and Preservation of Toronto Harbor, 1854.” Published separately, also in “Canadian Journal” for 1855, with maps and plans. “Prize Essay on the Insects and Diseases injurious to the Wheat Crops,” pp. 139. Toronto: Lovell & Gibson, 1857. “Narrative of the Canadian Red River Exploring Expedition of 1857, and of the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan Exploring Expedition of 1858.” Two vols., with maps, wood cuts, and chromoxylographs. London: Longmans, 1860. “The Journal of the Board of Arts and Manufactures for Upper Canada.” Vols. I., II., III. Edited 1861-1863. Toronto: W. C. Chewitt & Co. “The British American Magazine.” Vols. I. and II. Edited 1863. Toronto: Rollo & Adam. “Explorations in the Interior of the Labrador Peninsula.” Two vols., with maps, wood cuts and chromo-lithographs. London: Longmans, 1863. “Eighty Years’ Progress of British North America.” Articles—“Physical Features of Canada;” “The North-West Territory,” &c., &c. Toronto, 1863. In 1866, his family growing up, Professor Hind purchased a property near Windsor, Nova Scotia, to facilitate the education of his sons, first at the Collegiate School, then at King’s College, the oldest Protestant chartered institution of learning in the provinces. In the years 1869, 1870, and 1871, under the instructions of the government of the Province of Nova Scotia, he conducted geological explorations to a considerable extent of the gold districts of that province. These are hereafter enumerated. In 1876 professional engagements led him to the mineral field of the north-eastern part of the Island of Newfoundland, and thence on the Atlantic coast of Labrador, nearly as far north as the town of Nain, or about 350 miles north of the Straits of Belle Isle. On this voyage of exploration Professor Hind discovered and mapped an extensive series of cod banks stretching for several hundred miles north-west of Belle Isle, and about twenty or thirty miles from the coast line. These are described in a paper addressed to the Hon. F. B. T. Carter, attorney-general of Newfoundland. This paper is also published in Part II., page 68, of the work on the Canadian fisheries, hereafter referred to. At the close of 1876 the Newfoundland government secured the services of Professor Hind for the year 1877 to examine and report on the newly-discovered cod banks, as far as Hudson’s Straits, but just as the Professor was starting from St. John’s, in May, 1877, on his northern exploration, a telegram from the government at Ottawa to the Newfoundland authorities was received which urged the necessity of his presence at the city of Halifax to assist in the scientific portion of the Canadian case in the fisheries contention then about to open. He was consequently compelled to relinquish his scientific investigations, and proceed forthwith to Ottawa. From Ottawa he went to Halifax, and remained there during the continuance of the arbitration. At its close, all the documents and records of proceedings on both sides were placed in his hands for analysis and indexing. The Analytical Index forms a quarto volume of sixty closely printed pages, and supplies the guide to the answers submitted during the examination of witnesses to a vast amount of matter connected with the six months fisheries inquiry at Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 1878 Professor Hind prepared for the Paris Exhibition a series of charts illustrating the movements of fish in the North Atlantic waters during summer and winter, together with the spring and fall spawning grounds of the herring, the coastal movements of the cod, the seasonal movements of the halibut, the summer and winter migrations and movements of the harp seal, &c. For this novel series the jury of “Class XVI.” awarded the professor a gold medal and a diploma. The present whereabouts of these fish charts is not known. They disappeared after the Paris exhibition, not having been returned to the author. The following are his further publications since 1863:—“Reports on the Waverley Gold District,” with geological maps and sections, 1869. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Report on the Sherbrooke Gold District, together with a paper on the Gneisses of Nova Scotia,” with maps, 1870. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Report on the Mount Uniacke, Oldham and Renfrew Gold Mining Districts,” with plans and sections, 1872. Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “Notes on the Northern Labrador Fishing Ground.” Blue book. St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1876. Also page 68, Part II., of “The effect of the Fishery clauses of the Treaty of Washington on the Fisheries and Fishermen of British North America.” Halifax, N.S.: Charles Annand. “On the Influence of Anchor Ice in relation to Fish Offal and the Newfoundland Fisheries.” Parts I. and II. Official papers. St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1877. “The effect of the Fishery Clauses of the Treaty of Washington on the Fisheries and Fishermen of British North America.” Parts I. and II., imperial oct. With maps, sections, and diagrams. Part I., pp. 169; Part II., pp. 74. Halifax: Charles Annand, 1877. This work has been exhaustively and very favorably reviewed by Dr. Carpenter of the London University. See Nature, June 13th and 27th, 1878. This enumeration does not include various papers published in the journals of the Royal Geographical Society, London, of the Geological Society, the Society of Arts, and the Statistical Society, London, England. Professor Hind was married at York Mills, near Toronto, on February 7th, 1850, to Katharine, the second daughter of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Duncan Cameron, C.B., of the 79th Highlanders, who commanded the light companies of the Highland Brigade during the passage of the Nive and the Nivelle in the Peninsula campaign, and was wounded at Quatre Bras on the eve of Waterloo. Two of Professor Hind’s sons are clergymen of the Church of England; one, the Rev. Duncan Henry Hind, is rector of Sandwich, Province of Ontario; the other, the Rev. Kenneth Cameron Hind, M.A., is rector of Newport, near Windsor, Province of Nova Scotia.
Knowles, Charles Williams, Publisher, Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born in Newport, Nova Scotia, on July 3rd, 1849, and came with his family to Windsor when he was about five years of age, and here he has resided ever since. His father, Charles W. Knowles, who died at Windsor on the 15th of December, 1886, at the advanced age of eighty-one years, was one of the oldest inhabitants of Hants county, widely known in the district, and universally respected as an industrious, honest man, and a good citizen. His mother, Eliza Bacon, died in 1854. The Knowles family came originally from England, and are closely associated with the early history of Hants county. The founder of it was Captain Henry Knowles, a merchant, great grandfather of Charles Williams Knowles, the subject of our sketch. In 1756 he, with others, came from Newport, Rhode Island, and took up their abode at a place in Hants county, Nova Scotia, and bestowed on it the name of their old residence, and it is known by the name of Newport to the present day. There is a tradition in the family that the vessel in which the worthy captain came, in sailing up the St. Croix river with the tide, grounded on the flats opposite an island, which afterwards came into his possession, and is now called Knowles’ Island; and the farm Captain Henry Knowles owned, with this island, is still in the possession of the Knowles family, its present owner being W. H. Knowles, municipal councillor for Avondale. The captain was a widower, and had on board with him an infant son, named Jonathan. There was also on board his vessel, as a passenger, a Miss Williams, said to have been a near relative of the celebrated Roger Williams, the founder of Providence, Rhode Island. The captain and Miss Williams were both members of the Baptist denomination, which at that time was being cruelly persecuted in some of the New England states, and were in search of a place where they could worship God in accordance with their religious convictions. They naturally felt a deep interest in each other, and a mutual affection sprang up between them, which subsequently ended in marriage, and the fruit of the union was three sons, Nathan, Henry, and William, and two daughters, William becoming the grandfather of the subject of our sketch. The bodies of the brave captain and his devoted wife, and those of all the older members of his family, have for long years been mouldering to dust in their graves in the burying-ground on the old homestead property. Jonathan and his family are buried in Rawdon. Upon his tombstone there is the following rather quaint inscription: “Here rests the body of Jonathan Knowles, who gradually sank into the arms of death, falling asleep in the Redeemer, November 9th, 1821, in the 65th year of his age.” Branches of the Knowles family are resident in Rawdon, in Hants county, in Yarmouth county, and in New Brunswick, in the city of St. John, and in a village called by their name, Knowlesville. Charles received his education in the public schools in Windsor, and when about eighteen years of age became connected with journalism, and managed the Saturday Mail, a weekly local paper, then owned by M. A. Buckley. After a few years Mr. Knowles succeeded in purchasing this property, and having thrown more life into it, made it one of the best weekly papers in Nova Scotia. In 1883 he sold out the Mail, and for three years subsequently engaged in other pursuits; but in 1886 he again embarked in journalism, having purchased the Windsor Tribune, the paper he is now publishing. He has also an interest in the book and stationery business in Halifax; and elsewhere, and is the patentee of a valuable invention in connection with the manufacture of paper, which is used extensively in Great Britain. Mr. Knowles has proved himself an active and enterprising citizen, being a member of the town council of Windsor, and is also closely identified with various public and private undertakings. He was married in 1871, to Lydia Lockhart, of Falmouth, and has a family of five children.
Woodland, Rev. Jas. Barnaby, Pastor of “The Temple” Baptist church, Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, was born at Wallace, Nova Scotia, on the 13th of August, 1840. He is a son of the late Richard Woodland, who came from Ireland to America with his wife, Annie Coulter, shortly after their marriage. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch was an officer in the Home Guards during the Irish rebellion, and, on account of his loyalty to the Crown, suffered much in property and estate. Rev. Mr. Woodland was educated for the ministry at the Baptist Institutions at Wolfville, but failing health compelled him to retire before he completed the course. Being shut out from study, he started the Maritime Sentinel, a weekly newspaper, which he successfully conducted for several years, first at Oxford, and afterwards at Amherst, N.S. During this time he was twice nominated and several times solicited to become a candidate to represent the interests of Cumberland county in both the Local and Dominion parliaments, but always having in view a return to the ministry, he invariably declined. After quietly pursuing literary work and studies for some years, and regaining vigour, he sold out his newspaper, and re-entered the ministry. His first pastorate was in Cavendish, Prince Edward Island, where he was ordained in 1878, and laboured for about seven years. He then removed to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, and accepted the pastorate of “The Temple,” one of the three Baptist churches in that city, which position he occupies at the present time. He held, during the period previous to his ordination to the ministry, several positions of trust indicative of public confidence. For years he acted as justice of the peace in the towns where he resided, and for four or five years was grand provincial secretary of the old order of British Templars. He was one of the committee who drafted the original constitution of the Dominion Alliance, and assisted to institute it at Montreal years ago, and has continued ever since to be a prominent advocate of temperance and prohibition, whose assistance in temperance campaign work is widely sought for over the Maritime provinces. He was for a long time one of the active leaders in the Independent Order of Good Templars, and resigned the office of grand chief in 1886. For several years he has been a member of the Baptist Home Mission Board, and is at present vice-president of that institution. He is a master Mason, and at the present time senior warden of Hiram lodge, No. 12, at Yarmouth, N.S. On the 28th of December, 1865, Rev. Mr. Woodland was united in marriage to Marie Julia Livingstone, eldest daughter of Angus Livingstone, a native of Scotland, and a relative of the late Dr. Livingstone, the African explorer.
Drummond, Andrew Thomas, B.A., LL.B., was born on the 18th of July, 1844, at Kingston, Ontario. His father, Andrew Drummond, was a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, being born there in 1811. He received a university education, and intended adopting the profession of writer to the Signet, but in 1833, he was invited to remove to Canada by his uncle, Robert Drummond, who was then executing extensive works on the Rideau Canal. A few months after his arrival in Canada, his uncle died from the Asiatic cholera of 1834, and he was then compelled to close up his uncle’s business. After accomplishing this, he entered the service of the Commercial Bank of Canada, at Kingston, and has occupied a prominent position in that and the Bank of Montreal, as manager in a number of the cities of Canada, for a period of fifty years. He retired in 1885, on a well earned competence, and is this year (1887) still in the enjoyment, at the age of seventy-six, of every faculty, having just completed, with his wife, a three months trip across the continent. In 1838, he married Margaret Sinclair, an adopted daughter and niece of the father of the Hon. O. Mowat. Miss Sinclair was born at Peterhead, Scotland, in 1816, where her father was a Custom-house officer, but he dying when she was a child, it fell to her lot to be provided for in Canada. Although seventy, she is still hale and healthy, and both, with their nine children still form a family unbroken by a death. Andrew Thomas Drummond, the subject of this sketch, was their third child, and when a few months old he removed to Bytown (now Ottawa), where his father was appointed manager of the Commercial Bank. Here he received his elementary education, and, at the age of nine, when his father was appointed manager of the Bank of Montreal at Kingston, he was sent to Queen’s College school, and began the study of Latin. In 1857, when he was scarce thirteen, he entered Queen’s College, after passing a successful entrance examination, and is believed to have been the youngest student to enter the college before, and perhaps since. He was always noted as extremely studious, and at the age of sixteen had taken his degree of B.A. at the university. During his university studies which he still continued, he developed a strong desire for the acquisition of a knowledge of geology and botany, and was a large collector of specimens, which in later years he presented to the college. In 1868, he received his degree of LL.B., and on leaving his college life, he decided upon the profession of a barrister. With this in view he entered the law office of Sir Alexander Campbell, at Kingston, and in 1866, passed his examination for barrister with much credit at Toronto. He practised in London, Ontario, with Mr. Abbott, and later on originated the law firm of Campbell & Drummond, at Ottawa. About 1869, an opportunity opened in Montreal for his engaging in commercial pursuits, and he removed thither, where he has since been largely interested in this line, much of it being in the development of the North-West. In this class of business he has been very successful, as he leans rather to the side of cautiousness than otherwise. He is a director in the Manitoba and North-Western Railway; a director in the Montreal and Western Land Company; trustee of Queen’s University, at Kingston; trustee of Trafalgar Institute, Montreal; and one of the editors of the Record of Science. He is author of the following articles:—In “Canadian Monthly,” “Imperial and Colonial Confederation, Our Public Indebtedness.” In “Canadian Naturalist,” “Observations on Canadian Geographical Botany;” “Catalogue of Canadian Lichens;” “Distribution of Plants in Canada, in some of its relations to Physical and Past Geological Conditions;” “Statistical Features of the Flora of Canada;” “Introduced and Spreading Plants of Canada;” “Botanical and Geological Notes.” In Montreal Horticultural Society’s Reports, “Canadian Timber Trees;” “Forestry in Canada.” In “Magazine of Science,” “Note on Canadian Forests.” In British Association Reports, “Distribution of Canadian Forest Trees in its relations to Climate.” In “Handbook for Canada,” published for British Association meeting, the article on “Forestry and Lower St. Lawrence Flora.” In “Record of Science,” “Our North-West Prairies, their Origin and Forests,” “The Distribution and Climatic Relations of British North American Plants;” “Affinities of the Tendrils in the Virginian Creeper.” In 1881, he married Florence Wonham, the eldest daughter of a well-known Montreal wholesale merchant, and has a family of two children.