A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco da Gama 1497-1499

by Unknown

INDEX AND GLOSSARY.

• Açoutado, ilha do (Kiziwa, 12° 35´ S., 400° 40´ E., Map III), [32], [218]
• Adarga (Arabic el darakah);
  • according to Jubinal (Armeria Real, Madrid, Plate 3), a short spear with a target-like handguard, and a dagger projecting at right angles;
  • compare Burton’s Camoens, xiv, p. 571.
• Affonso, Martin, interpreter, [12], [17], [176];
  • Boa Gente, [17]
• “Africa Pilot,” quoted, [32], [93], [197]
• Agonia (Arabic El Jumbiyeh) a crooked dagger worn in the waist, waist-belt, [30]
• Agostinho, Cabe de, Brazil (8° S., 35° W.), [205]
• Agulhas, Cabo das (34° 50´ S., 20° E., Map II), [168], [169], [215]
• Agulhas current, [xviii], [15], [195]
• Ailly, Pierre d’ (b. 1350, d. 1419), [xvii]
• Albertis, E. A. D’, quoted [161], [174]
• Albuquerque, Affonso de (Governor of India, 1509-15), [179], [191]
• Alcacer do Sal, Portugal (38° 20´ N., 8° 30´ W.), [159]
• Alcaide (Arabic Al Kadi), a judge, [35]
  • In Portuguese it means the governor of a province, town, or castle. Alcaide-mór governor in chief;
  • Alcaideria, the district or office of an alcaide.
• Alcochete (38° 46´ N., 80° 57´ W.), town, Portugal, [46]
• Alenquer, Pero d’, [175];
  • at S. Helena Bay, [5];
  • at the Cape, [9];
  • Cross Island, [14]
• Alexander VI, Pope (1492-1503), [115]
• Alexandria, Egypt, [78]
• Algoa Bay (33° 50´ S., 26° E., Map II), [15], [221]
• Aljofar (from Arabic Jauhar or Gohar i.e., “Jewel”). In Portuguese it means seed-pearls.
• Alliacus, see Ailly, Pierre d’.
• Almadia (Arabic El Maziyah), a ferry-boat, dug-out, [20]
• Almanach perpetuum, [167]
• Almeida, D. Francisco de (Viceroy of India, 1505-9);
  • at Mombaça, [38], [39];
  • at Malindi, [44];
  • at Anjediva, [80]
• Almoxarife (Arabic), a receiver of customs or taxes.
• Almude, a measure of capacity, holding 29½ pints.
• Aloes, [99], [104], [213]
• Alvares, Gonçalo, master of the S. Gabriel, [176].
• Alvarez, Francisco (Chaplain of Portuguese mission in Abyssinia, 1520-27), [24], [167]
• Ambergris, [135], [213], [219]
• Ameixoeira, João de, [177]
• Anafil (Arabic El Nafir), a sort of trumpet, [22], [42]
• Anchovies, [92]
• Andaman Islands (12° N., 93° E., Maps I and VI), [220], [214] L.
• Anjediva Islands (14° 45´ N., 74° 5´ E., Map IV), [80], [200]
• Antonio, Nicoláo, quoted, [xxv]
• Arabian Sea, [46], [87], [123], [130], [135], [198], [200]
• Aragão, Texeira de, quoted, [xxi], [91], [94], [95], [111], [112], [147], [148], [173], [175], [176], [178], [225]
• Ascension Island, or Conçeicão (80° S., 14° 10´ E., Map I), [190], [191]
• Ascençao menor, or Trinidad (20° 20´ S., 29° 20´ W., Map I), [191]
• Astrolabes, [167]
• Atambur, or Betel-nut, [56], [96]
  
• Badger, Rev. G. P., quoted, [61], [138]
• Bahar, a weight, at Calcutta equal to 268.16 kilo = 459 pounds. It was divided into 20 farazolas (farzilas) of 100 fens each, and roughly accepted as equal to 4 quintals.
• Bahrein islands, Persian Gulf (26° N., 50° 30´ E., Map I), [139]
• Balandrau, a coat, [41]
• Balasci (rubies), [130]
• Baldelli Boni, quoted, [121], [179]
• Bale (Arabic Wale), governor, [51]
• Baltasar, a Moor of Calecut, [181]
• Bananas, [57]
• Bandini. A., quoted, [120]
• Baqua, stone of (bezoar), [96]
• Barbosa, Duarte, quoted, [32], [98], [99], [100], [103], [130], [139]
• Barca, a term vaguely applied by the author to sailing boats, where others make use of the more definite terms of “fusta”, or “zambuk”.
• Barros, João de, quoted, [xx], [8], [9], [18], [19], [20], [21], [24], [25], [31], [38], [40], [45], [48], [51], [92], [94], [98], [99], [157], [161], [164], [169], [175], [178], [179], [180]
• Bastos, E. Pinto, [161]
• Bastos, José, [xxxvi], [118]
• Bees, [6]
• Behaim, Martin, (b. 1459, d. 1506), [165]
• Belnos, quoted, [54]
• Benapa, Mtapwa (3° 56´ S., 39° 40´ E., Map III), [40]
• Bengal (24° N., 100° E, Map I), [100], [101], [220]
• Bent, Theodore, quoted, [139]
• Benzoin, [99], [101], [103], [213]
• Berchet, Prof. Guglielmo, [xxxvi], [119], [157], [158]
• “Berrio”, enters Rio dos bons Signaes, [19];
  • at Mombaça, [37];
  • at Anjediva, [84]
• Berrio, name of a pilot, [158]
• Betel-nut (atambur), [56], [96]
• Bezoar (Stone of Baqua), [96]
• Biagi, Prof., [xxxvi], [119]
• Birch, Dr. Walter de Gray, quoted, [145], [146], [149]
• Bisarma, a two-edged battle-axe, [67]
• Bittner, Dr. M., quoted, [208], [216]
• Bombards, [3], [164]
• Boni, see Baldelli.
• Bons signaes, Rio dos (18° S., 37° E., Map III), [19], [124], [146], [173], [196]
• Braça, or fathom, as used by seamen, equal to 8 palmas or 5.76 feet
• Braga, Alvaro de, clerk of the Berrio, [67], [176]
• Bragança, Duke of, agrees to sell Vidigueira, [228]
• Braz, see São Braz.
• Brazil wood, [99], [102], [104]
• Breech-loaders, [164]
• Bretschneider, E., quoted, [132]
• Buchanan, Claudius, quoted, [137]
• Bull of Alexander VI (1497), [115]
• Burton, Sir R., quoted, [20], [23], [33], [36], [44], [52], [53], [79]
  
• Cabaya, a silk robe reaching to the ankles.
• Cabral, Jorge (governor of India, 1549-50), [159], [160]
• Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, the navigator, [18], [38], [44], [178], [179], [190], note 2 (supposed discovery of Tristão da Cunha), [205]
• Caçadilho, Cazadillo, village near Salamanca, Spain. See Vilhegas.
• Cael (8° 40´ N., 78° 5´ E., Map I), [98]
• Cairo, Egypt, [78], [113]
• Caldwell, Rev. Dr., quoted, [98]
• Calecut (11° 15´ N., 75° 45´ E., Map IV);
  • arrival, [48];
  • description, [49], [125];
  • pagodas, [52], [126], [137], [139];
  • royal palace [55];
  • the Zamorin or King, [57], [127], [132];
  • Portuguese sailors visit the city, [69];
  • a Padrão set up, [74], [75];
  • commerce, [77], [96], [115], [127], [135], [142];
  • Sernigi’s account, [125], [142];
  • legend on Canerio’s map, [213]
• Çamatarra (Sumatra, 0°, 110° E., Map I); [98], [101], [213], [220]
• Cambay (22° 20´ N., 72° 35´ E., Map IV), [47], [213] A.
• Camoens, quoted, [26], [178]
• Çamolim, see Zamorin.
• Campo, Antonio de, in Delagoa Bay, [18]
• Cananor (11° 50´ N., 75° 20´ E., Map IV), [79], [146], [200]
• Canaries (29° N., 140° W., Map I) sighted, [2]
• Canerio’s Map, [16], [18], [21], [32], [210], [212]
• Canestrini, quoted, [119]
• Cantino, Alberto, his chart, [xix], [208], [212]
• Cão’s padrão at Cape Cross, [169]
• Cape of Good Hope (34° 20´ S., 18° 32´ E., Map II) doubled, [8], [92], [192], [215]
• Cape Verde islands (10° N., 24° W., Map I), [2], [94], [141], [142]
• Capua, or Capocate (11° 20´ N., 75° 44´ E., Map IV), [48], [52]
• Caputo, M. C., [xxxvi], [208]
• Caravels, [157], [158]
• Carneiro, Antonio (King Manuel’s secretary), [233], [235]
• Carvalho e Vasconcellos, Capt. E. J. de, see Vasconcellos.
• Casa da Mina, the “House”, or office, charged with the affairs of the “mine” on the Gold Coast.
• Castanheda, Lopez de, quoted, [xx], [xxiv], [1], [5], [6], [9], [21], [23], [26], [39], [48], [49], [50], [51], [54], [67], [77], [79], [94], [157], [161], [164], [166], [169], [173], [175], [178], [183];
  • his signature, [xxii]
• Castro, João de, (Governor and Viceroy of India, 1545-48), [159], [168]
• Catalan Chart, [211]
• Catena a poppa, [165]
• Çatiguam, Sadigam, or Shadigam (Satgaon on Hugli, 22° 15´ N., 88° 5´ E., Maps I and VIII), [220], [213] D.
• Cattle among the Hottentots, [11], [12]
• Catual (Kot-Wal), governor of a fort, [51]
• Çeitil, a small copper coin, worth one-third of a farthing, [7]
• Ceylon, (Çillan, 8° N., 80° E., Map I), [77], [98], [115], [135], [136], [143], [214] K.
• Chãos, ilhéos; see Ilhéos.
• Charton, quoted, [53]; see F. Denis.
• Charts of Indian pilots, [26]
• Chinese at Calecut, [131]
• Chomandarla (Choromandel, on south-east coast of India), [98]
• Christians at Mombaça, [35], [36], [39];
  • at Malindi, [40], [44], [45];
  • in India, [24], [114], [115], [125], [231];
  • at Calecut, [49], [53], [137]
• Cidadym, of Harar, [78], note 5
• Çillan, see Ceylon.
• Çinguapura, Singapore (1° 20´ N., 104° E., Maps I and VII), [18], [196]
• Cinnamon, [77], [81], [86], [98], [103], [113], [213], [214];
  • boughs, [113]
• Cipangu (Japan), [xvii]
• Cloves, [77], [100], [103], [113], [213]
• Cobilhões, Pedro de (Cobillones), see Covilhã.
• Cobre, Rio de (24° 50´ S., 34° 25´ E., Map III), [18], [196]
• Cochin (10° N., 76° 12´ E., Map IV), [146]
• Coco-nut palm, [27]
• Coelho, Nicolau, captain of the Berrio, [175];
  • at St. Helena Bay, [5];
  • crossing Kilimani Bar, [196];
  • lost sight of, [14];
  • alleged ascent of river in South Africa, [193];
  • at Moçambique, [22], [27], [29], [197];
  • at Malindi, , [44];
  • at Calecut, [51], [66];
  • at Anjediva, [83], [84];
  • at Rio Grande, [152];
  • return to Lisbon, [93], [94], [201]
• Çofalla, see Sofalla.
• Coge (Arabic, Khojah), lord, master
• Coimbra (40° 10´ N., 8° 25´ W.), [xxii]
• Coimbra, João de, [30], [175]
• Coins at Calecut, [128]
• Coleu, Coulão, Coulam (9° 10´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), [98]
• Columbus, Bartholomeu, map of world, [xix]
• Columbus, Christopher, compared with Gama, [xv];
  • his first voyage, [189];
  • his latitudes, [xviii];
  • his journal, [xix]
• Compass, Mariner’s, [26]
• Compass, equinoctial and variation, [168]
• Conimata, Sumatra? a corrupt spelling of, [101]
• Convicts, see Degradados.
• Copper, [18], [96]
• Cordeira, Luciano, quoted, [xxi], [2], [168], [225]
• Cormorants, [6]
• Coromandel (south-east coast of India), [98]
• Corongolor, Crangalor (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), [97]
• Correa, Gaspar, his untrustworthiness, [xx], [56], [193], [194];
  • Herculano’s eulogy, [xxxiii];
  • Vasco’s ships, [164];
  • his padrões, [169];
  • his portrait, [150];
  • number of men, [173];
  • convicts, [48], [178];
  • Gaspar da Gama, [179];
  • Monçaide, [180];
  • Davane, [21] note [4], [41], [181];
  • departure from Lisbon, [185];
  • doubling the Cape, [193];
  • alleged mutiny, [194];
  • transactions at Cananor, [79];
  • concoction of a letter to the Zamorin, [58]
• Correa, Manuel, [178]
• Correa, Ayres, [158]
• Cosa, Juan de la, his chart, [xix], [205]
• Costa, D. Jorge da, [112]
• Costa, P. Antonio Carvalho da, [xiii]
• Coulão (Coulam, 9° 10´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), [98]
• Covilhã, Pedro de, a priest, [177]
• Covilhão, Pero de, [24], [167]
• Crangalor, Quorongoliz (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), [97]
• Cross-bows, [10], [12]
• Cross-staff, [26]
• Cruz, ilha da, Brazil (5° S., 40° W., Map I), [14], [15], [205]
• Cruz, ilhéo da, Algoa Bay (33° 48´ S., 25° 45´ E., Map II), [15], [195]
• Cruzado, a Portuguese gold coin, weighing 71.25 grãos (4,608 grãos = 1 marc = 229.5 grammes) of fine gold, and consequently worth 9s. 8d. It retained this value up to 1555, when, being coined of gold having a fineness of 22⅝ carat only, its value was reduced to 9s. 2d.
  Up to 1499, 380 réis were accepted as the equivalent of a cruzado; between 1499 and 1517 the rate of exchange was 390 réis, and after that date 400 réis. This shows that the relative value of gold to silver was assumed to have been as 1:10 (in England about the same time the rate of exchange was as 1:11).
  The value of 100 réis was consequently 30.5d. up to 1499, 29.82d. from 1499 to 1517, and 29.08d. after 1517 (see Nunes, O livro dos Pesos, 1555, published at Lisbon in 1868; and M. B. Lopes Fernandes, Memoria das moedas correntes em Portugal, Lisbon, 1856).
  
• Dalla Vedova, Prof., [xxxvi], [133]
• Dameiroeiro, João, [177]
• Davane, the Moor, [21], [41], [181]
• Declination of the sun, [167], [168]
• Degradados (convicts or banished men), [174]
• Delagoa Bay (26° S., 34° E.), its discovery, [19], [221]
• Dely, Eli, Mount (12° N., 75° 15´ E., Map IV), [47], [198]
• Denis, Ferd., quoted, [xxxiv], [53], [78]
• Dias, Bartholomeu sails to Elmina, [2];
  • his conflict at the bay of S. Braz, [10];
  • his last padrão, [14], [15], [195];
  • builds Gama’s ships, [159]
• Dias, Diogo, [176];
  • factor at Pandarani, [67];
  • carries a message to the Zamorin, [70];
  • his imprisonment, [71], [73];
  • liberated, [74]
• Dias, Pedro, a convict, [178]
• Dogs of the Hottentots, [6]
• Dress at Calecut, [133]
  
• Elephants, how they are captured, [102];
  • at Mossel Bay, [11];
  • in India, [98], [99], [100], [133], [140]
• Eli, Dely, mount (12° N., 75° 15´ E., Map IV), [47], [198]
• Empoli, Giovanni da, quoted, [6], [99], [191]
• Escolar, Pero, pilot of the Berrio, [x], [148], [175]; see Escovar.
• Escovar, Pero, was associated with Santarem in the discovery of the Gold Coast, 1471;
  • another Pero Escovar went as pilot to the Congo, 1490;
  • Barros and Resende call the pilot of the Berrio Esolar and not Escovar.
• Esphera de ouro, a coin, [170]
• Esteves, Pero, a convict, [178]
• Evora (38° 33´ N., 7° 55´ W.), [235], [236]
  
• Falcão, Luiz de Figueiredo, [119], [147], [157]
• False Bay, South Africa (34° 15´ S., 18° 30´ E., Map II), [9], [215]
• Fanão, a coin, at Calecut worth 7.45d. (see p. 69 n.).
• Farazola, Frasila, weight, at Calecut, equal to 10.4 kilos., or 22 lbs.
• Faria, Manuel de, [170]
• Faria, Severim de, quoted, [175]
• Faria e Figueiredo, Francisco de, [xxx], [177]
• Faria e Figueiredo, Pedro de, [177]
• Faria y Sousa, quoted, [xxi], [46], [157], [173], [175], [177], [178]
• Ferdinand, Valentin, [178]
• Fernandez, M. B. Lopez, [170]
• Figueiredo, see Faria and Falcão.
• Figueiro, João, a priest, [xxxi], [177]
• Fish, [133]
• Flutes, [11]
• Food at Calecut, [132]
• Foot, Captn., view of Mombasa, [35]
• Foster, William, [xxxvi]
• Fowls, [17]
• Fracanzio di Montalboddo, editor of Paesi novamente retrovati, q. v.
• Francisco de S. Maria, quoted, [177]
• Frankincense, [104], [213]
• Fumos (25° S., 32° E., Map III), [17], [217]
• Fusta, a galley, [83]
  
• Gabriel, see São Gabriel.
• Gallois, Prof. L., [xxxvi], [210]
• Galvão, Antonio, quoted, [173], [198], [206]
• Gama, Estevão da, nephew of Vasco, Voyage to India, [191]
• Gama, Gaspar da, at Anjediva, [84], [152];
  • tortured, [86];
  • information on countries to the south, [95], [115], [121];
  • his history, [179], [180]
• Gama, Paulo da, offered the command of the expedition, [xiii];
  • captain of the S. Raphael, [1];
  • loses the flagship, [2];
  • rejoins his brother, [3];
  • at St. Helena Bay, [8];
  • tends the sick, [21];
  • at Moçambique, [26], [31];
  • his ship aground at Malindi, [44];
  • at Calecut, [51], [65];
  • at Anjediva, [85];
  • his ship burnt, [91], [153];
  • alleged breaking-up of his ship, [146], [147];
  • his death, [94], [147], [148]
• Gama, Vasco da;
  • His birth, [xiii];
  • qualification as a navigator, [xiv];
  • compared with Columbus, [xv];
  • his observations for latitude, [xviii];
  • authorities on his first voyage, [xix];
  • his death, [xiv]
  • First Voyage.—
    • The ships, [147], [151], [157]-160;
    • muster-roll, [173];
    • despatch by King Manuel, [185], [230];
    • Lisbon, dep., [1], [123], [146], [148], [151], [153], [185];
    • Cape Verde, [3], [186];
    • across the Southern Atlantic, [xvii], [3], [142], [186];
    • first landfall, [5], [189];
    • St. Helena Bay, [5], [192];
    • doubling the Cape, [8], [192];
    • S. Braz Bay, [9], [192];
    • alleged mutiny, [194];
    • a gale, [14], [194];
    • ilhéos chãos, [14], [195];
    • Ilhéos da Cruz, [15], [195];
    • Dias’ furthest, [15], [195];
    • the Agulhas current, [viii], [15];
    • Rio do Cobre, [16], [196];
    • Rio dos bons Signaes, [19], [146];
    • Mozambique, [22], [146], [151], [197];
    • false start for the north, [28], [197];
    • the S. Raphael aground, [33], [197];
    • Mombasa, [34], [198];
    • Malindi, [40], [146], [151], [198];
    • across the Arabian sea, [46], [198];
    • landfall near Mount Eli, [47], [198];
    • at Capocate, [48], [199];
    • royal audiences, [56], [61], [126];
    • capture of hostages, [72], [115], [180]
  • Departure from Calecut, [76];
    • supposed visits to Cochin and Cananor, [146], [147], [200];
    • S. Maria islands and Anjediva, [80], [200];
    • across the Arabian Sea, [87], [200];
    • Magadoxo, [88], [200];
    • Malindi, [89], [200];
    • the S. Raphael burnt, [91], [201];
    • Mozambique, [92], [201];
    • S. Braz Bay, [92], [201];
    • doubling the Cape, [92], [201];
    • Rio Grande, [93], [201];
    • return to Lisbon, [94], [113], [122], [124], [148]
    • Loss of life during the voyage, [124], [141], [231]
  • Second Voyage to India, 1502-3, [191], [233]
  • Honours and rewards bestowed upon Vasco da Gama, [225]-232
  • Instructions to Cabral, [190].
• Garnett, Dr. R., [119]
• Gazelles, [6]
• Genoese needles, [26]
• George, see São Jorge.
• Germanus, Henricus Martellus, his Map, [204]
• Ghats, Western, in India, [199]
• Ginger, [77], [103], [113]
• Giovanni da Empoli, [6], [99], [191]
• Goa (15° 25´ N., 73° 50´ E., Map IV), [219]
• Goes, Damião de, quoted, [xx], [5], [8], [18], [19], [21], [26], [40], [45], [50], [53], [56], [57], [94], [112], [159], [175], [176], [178], [179], [180]
• Gold of Sofala, [33], [113], [124]
• Gonçalves, André, [176]
• Greiff, Dr. G., [121]
• Guillen, Felipe, [168]
• Gujarat (Guzerat, 22° N., 72° E., Map IV), F [45], [63]
• Gulf-weed, [4]
• Gulls, [8]
• Guzerate (Gujarat, 22° N., 72° E., Map IV), [45], [63]
• “Guzerati”, a merchant of Guzerat, or Gujarat, at Calecut, [63]
  
• Hamy, Dr. E. T., quoted, [18], [19], [21], [32], [206]
• Harar, Cidadym of, [78]
• Harrisse, Mr., [205]
• Helena, see Santa Helena.
• Hellmann, G., quoted, [169]
• Herculano, quoted, [xxiv], [xxxiii], [41], [65], [195]
• Herons, [4]
• Heyd, W., [130]
• Hirth, F., [132]
• Horsburgh, Captain, [188]
• Horses, [133]
• Hostages taken at Calecut, [72], [115];
  • carried to Portugal, [76]
• Hottentots, meeting with, [11]-13
• Hour-glasses, [168]
• Hulot, Baron, xxxvi
  
• Ilha da Cruz, see Cruz.
• Ilhas primeiras (17° S., 39° E., Map III), [21]
• Ilhéos chãos, low islets, Algoa Bay (33° 50´ S., 29° 18´ E., Map II), [4], [195], [216]
• Images, worshipped by Portuguese and Indians, [24]
• Incense, [104], [213]
• Infante, Rio de (i.e., River of J. Infante), frequently called Rio do Infante, i.e., River of the Infante, Prince Henry (33° 30´ S., 27° 8´ E., Map II), [14], [216]
• Ivory, [18]
  
• Jack-fruit, [57]
• Jaus, Rev. J. J., quoted, [xxxvi], [52], [54], [97]
• Java, on Canerio’s Map, [211]
• Jeronymo de São José, [177]
• Jews at Calecut, [137]
• Jidda, Red Sea (21° 30´ N., 39° 10´ E., Map I), [78]
• Jordanus, Friar, quoted, [98]
• Jorge, see São Jorge.
• Jornal das Viagens, [145], [146]
• Juromenho, Visconde, [159]
• Justice, administration of, at Calecut, [135]
  
• Kilwa, see Quiloa.
• Kioni, Quioniete (30° 38´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), [40]
• Kirk, Sir John, quoted, [xxxvi], [34], [36], [38], [40], [42], [45], [90]
• Kohl, Dr., [205]
• Kopke, Diogo, quoted, [xxii], [xxiv], [xxxii], [4], [5], [6], [13], [19], [24], [26], [32], [33], [38], [78], [97], [98], [99], [101], [120], [194]
• Krishna and Devaki, [53]
  
• Lac, [98], [101], [102], [104], [213]
• Laccadivas (10° N., 73° E, Map I), [134], [198]
• Lambel, striped cloth, [11]
• Lamu (2° 15´ S., 40° 20´ E., Map III), [219]
• Lançarote (29° N., 14° W.); pass to lee of it, [2]
• Larks, [6]
• Latitudes on early maps, [213];
  • observed by Colon, [xix]
• Laurie’s Sailing Directory, [190]
• League. The Portuguese (Castilian) legoa of 7,500 varas was equal to 6,269 meters, or 20,568 feet, and 17.72 of these legoas were consequently equal to one mean degree of a meridian. The Portuguese pilots generally assumed 17½ of these legoas to be equal to 1°; and had they known the real size of the earth the league would have been 6,350 m., an error of only 1.27 per cent. in the estimate of the size of the earth as determined by observation for latitude taken at sea.
  There can hardly be a doubt that the Italian mile was the same as the old Roman mile, and had a length of 1,480 m. Consequently, 4.236 of these miles were equal to a legoa, and when Sernigi (see p. [124]) reckons 4¼ of these miles to a legoa he is very near the truth. On the Cantino chart 75 Italian miles are = 1° = 17.5 Portuguese legoas, and if we accept this estimate the legoa would be = 4.29 Italian miles. The Portuguese pilots at the Conference of Badajoz (1525), maintained, however, that 1 legoa = 4 Italian miles. As to Prof. Wagner’s “Portulano mile” (Report of Sixth International Geographical Congress, p. 698) of only 1,265 m., its shortness is obviously due to the very common over-estimate of distances, even when there is no mileage charge as in the case of London cabmen.
• Leal, J. da Silva Mendes, quoted, [95]
• Leiria (39° 42´ N., 8° 50´ W.), [159]
• Lelewel, Joachim, [211]
• Leguat, F., quoted, [6]
• Lemos, Gaspar de, [205]
• Leonardo of Camões, [178]
• Linen cloth, [18]
• Lindsay, W. S., [159], [161]
• Lingams, [83]
• Linschoten’s Itinerarium, [203]
• Loadstone islands, [129]
• Lopes, Thomé, [191]
• Lourenço, Fernão, [159]
  
• Machado, Barbosa, [xxv]
• Machado, João, a convict, [178]
• Mafia, island (70° 50´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), [33]
• Magadoxo (2° 20´ N., 45° 25´ E.), [88], [200], [219]
• Magelhães, Fernão de, [xv]
• Magnetic Variation, [168]
• Malabar, casts, [49]
• Malacca, Malagua (2° 10´ N., 102° 10´ E., Map I), [77], [100], [220], [213] F.
• Malayalam, vocabulary, [105]
• Malema Cana, or Canaqua, pilot, [46], [181]
• Malindi, Melinde (3° 12´ S., 40° 10´ E., Map III), [40], [89], [125], [146]
• Malmsey, wine, [131]
• Manicongo (Congo), [17]
• Manso, Paiva, quoted, [167]
• Manuel, King, his letters on Vasco da Gama’s first voyage, [111], [230];
  • quoted, [96], [173], [233];
  • rewards to Gama, [225]
• Maps, early, [203]
• Marcel, Gabriel, [xxxvi]
• Marcos, Lucas, an Abyssinian priest, [24], [167]
• Maria, see Santa Maria.
• Mariz, Dialogues, [xiv]
• Markham, Sir Clements R., quoted, [xxxvi], [120], [165], [206], [208]
• Markham, Admiral Albert H., [xxxvi]
• Marlota, a Moorish jacket or jerkin, [25]
• Matikal, a gold coin, value at Moçambique about 12s.; see p. [25]
• Martins, Fernão, at Moçambique, [23];
  • at Calecut, [xxix], [50], [57], [62], [176]
• Martinz, Fernão, Royal Chaplain, [xvi]
• McCrindle, J. W., quoted, [26]
• Masser, Leonardi da Chá, [180], [227], [233]
• Mecca (21° 20´ N., 45° E., Map I), [47], [87], [113], [125], [130]
• Melequa, see Malacca.
• Melinde, see Malindi.
• Melons, [57]
• Mendes, A. Lopes, quoted, [80]
• Mendoso, J. de Escalante de, quoted, [174]
• Mendonça, H. Lopez de, [158], [161], [162]
• Mercy, river of, is identical with the Rio dos bons signaes, [19], [146], [173]
• Mexia, Sancho, at St. Helena Bay, [6], [177]
• Millet, [17]
• Misericordia, Rio da, is identical with the Rio dos bons signaes, [19], [169], [173]
• Mitkal (matikal), gold coin, [25]
• Moçambique (15° S., 40° 45´ E., Map III);
  • arrival, [22], [146], [151], [197];
  • trade, [23], [69];
  • a conflict on return voyage, [92], [201]
• Moçambique current, [197]
• Modobar, Meduar on Lingga (2° 30´ N., 102° E., Map VII), [213], [220] E.
• “Mohit”, quoted, [26], [208]
• Moll, A., map of Africa, [190]
• Moluccas, [77]
• Mombaça (4° 5´ S., 39° 40´ E., Map III); arrival, [34];
  • return, [91]
• Monçaide, a Moor, [48], [50], [72], [75], [79], [112], [115], [180]
• Monte formosa, Cotta Point (11° 30´ N., 75° 40´ E., Map IV), [199]
• Money, see Cruzado, Real, Reis, matikals, fanão, xerafin
• Monsoons, [136], [198], [200]
• Montemór o novo (38° 40´ N., 8° 15´ W.), [185]
• Moor, E., quoted, [53]
• Moorish merchants at Calecut, [61], [62], [68], [127], [152]
• Moplah, [49]
• Morelet, Arthur, [xxxiv]
• Moreri, [xxv]
• Mori, A., [205]
• Mourá, quoted, [25]
• Mtwapa, see Benapa.
• Musk, [100], [104]
  
• Nairs, at Calecut, [49]
• Natal, its discovery, [16]
• Native navigation, [134], [139]
• Navarrete, D. Martin Fernandez de, [xvii], note 2
• Nicobar Islands (7° N., 94° E., Map VII), [214] M., [220]
• Nile, river, [78]
• Niza (39° 32´ N., 7° 40´ W.), 100 miles N.E. of Lisbon, [235]
• Nova, João da, [178], [190], [206], [210]
• Nuguoquioniete, see Takaungu and Quioni.
• Nunes, Antonio, quoted, [25]
• Nunes, Gonçalo, [175]
• Nunes, João, [48]
• Nunez, João, a convict, [179]
• Nunes, Pedro, [168]
• Nutmeg, [100], [104], [113]
  
• Oliveira, Fernando, quoted, [162]
• Oliveira, João Braz d’, [162]
• Olivença, Spain (38° 40´ N., 7° 5´ E.), [xiii]
• Oporto, in Portugal, [xxiii]
• Ortelius, [115], [125]
• Ortiz de Vilhegas, see Vilhegas.
• Osorio, D. Jeronymo, quoted, [6], [26], [194]
• Ouro, Rio do (west coast of Africa, 23° 50´ N., 16° E., Map I), [2]
• Ouro, Rio do, or Limpopo (25° 20´ S., 33° 30´ E., Map III), [19]
  
• Pacheco Pereira, Duarte, quoted, [161], [192]
• Padrões, [169];
  • at S. Bráz, [15];
  • of S. Raphael, [21];
  • at Calecut, [74], [75];
  • of S. Maria, [80];
  • S. Jorge, [92]
• Padua, baixos de, (13° N., 72° 20´ E., Map IV), [198]
• Paesi novamente retrovati, [120], [123], [124], [128], [137], [141]
• Pagodas, at Calecut, [53]
• Paiva, Afonso de, [167]
• Paiva, Antonio da Costa, editor of the Roteiro, xxii, [xxxii]
• Paiva, Baron Castello de, editor of the Roteiro, [xxxiii]
• Palha, João, [177]
• Panane (10° 50´ N., 75° 55´ E., Map IV), [50]
• “Pandarani” (11° 28´ N., 75° 40´ E., Map IV), [48];
  • at anchor there, [50];
  • detention, [63]
• Parrots, [100]
• Pate, town (2° 10´ S., 41° 2´ E.), [88]
• Pater, Pedir (5° N., 96° 30´ E., Map I), [102]
• Pearls, [23], [138], [213], [214]
• Pegu (17° 20´ N., 96° 30´ E. Map I), [100]
• Pelele, lip-disk, [20]
• Pelican, a device of King João II, [100]
• Pemba Island (5° S., 39° 4´ E., Map III), [34]
• Penguins, [92]
• Pepper, [77], [103], [113], [213]
• Peragallo, quoted, [227]
• Pereira, Duarte Pacheco, see Pacheco.
• Perestrello, M. de Mesquito, quoted, [14], [15], [19]
• Periplus of the Erythrean, [26]
• Peurbach, G. (born 1423, died 1461), [68]
• Peutinger, Conrad, abstract of Sernigi’s letter, [121], [122], [141]
• Pilots, at Moçambique, [25]; Mombaça, [37]; Malindi, [45]
• Pimentel’s Roteiro, quoted, [14]
• Pinzon, Vicento Yanez, [205], [206]
• Pinto, Mendes, quoted, [99]
• Pirez, Gonçalo, [177]
• Pliny, quoted, [140]
• Polo, Marco, quoted, [xvii], [98], [211]
• Porcelain, [200], [213]
• Precious stones, [130], [140], [213], [214]
• Prester John, [24], [134]
• Ptolemaic traditions, [206], [207], [211], [167]
• Ptolemy’s Taprobana, [209]
  
• Quafees, priests, [54]
• Quicksilver, [97]
• Qualicut, see Calecut.
• Quiloa, Kilwa (9° S., 39° 30´ E., Map III), [32], [46], [233]
• Quilon, Coulão, (8° 52´ N., 76° 30´ E., Map IV), [98]
• Quintal, a weight, equal to 110 Portuguese pounds of 16 oz. each, [103]
• Quintella, Admiral Ignacio da Costa, [208]
• Quioni, Kioni (3° 38´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), [40]
• Quorongoliz, Corongolos (10° 10´ N., 76° 10´ E., Map IV), [97]
  
• Rae, G. Milne, quoted, [138]
• Ramusio, quoted, [120], [124], [126], [128], [129], [131], [132], [133], [134], [135], [136], [137], [138], [139], [141]
• “Raphael”, see “São Raphael”.
• Real (plur. réis), a Portuguese silver coin. The Cologne marc (229.5 grammes) of a fineness of 11/12ths, was coined into 2,280 réis in 1485, into 2,340 in 1499, 2,500 in 1517, and 2,600 in 1555. See Cruzado.
• Red Sea, [47], [125], [130]
• Regiomontanus (astronomer, born 1436, died 1575), [168]
• Réis, see Real and Cruzado.
• Reis, Rio dos, Delagoa Bay (26° S., 33° E., Map III), [18], [217]
• Resende, Garcia de, [xiv]
• Restello, suburb of Lisbon, [1]
• Rezende, Pero Barretto de, quoted, [94], [143], [149], [150], [157], [161]
• Rhubarb, [102], [104], [213]
• Ribeiro’s map, [18]
• Ribeyro, Leonardo, [178]
• Richthofen, Prof. F. von (geographer, born 1833), [132]
• Rio de Infante, see Infante.
• Rio dos Bons Signaes, see Bons Signaes.
• Rio do Cobre, see Cobre.
• Rio Grande, Guinea (11° 20´ N., 15° 30´ W., Map I), [93]
• Rivara, Cunha, quoted, [148], [175]
• Rodriguez (or Rodrigo), the physician, [167]
• Rodriguez, Damião, [179]
• Romish images, [45], [53], [54]
• Rosetta, Egypt, [7], [8]
• Rossamalha, [142] note.
• Roteiro, the MS., xxii;
  • the author, [xxv];
  • his style, [xxviii];
  • Portuguese editions, [xxxii];
  • French translations, [xxxiv];
  • English translation, [xxxv]
• Rubies, [98], [102], [113]
  
• Sá, João de, xxx, xxxi; [51], [54], [90], [94], [122], [176]
• Sal, Ilha do, Cape Verde (16° 40´ N., 23° W., Map I), [2]
• Samori or Samurin, see Zamorin.
• Sandalwood, [213]
• San Roman, quoted, [173]
• Santa Cruz, terra de, or Ilha de Cruz, Brazil, [14], [15], [205]
• Santa Helena, Bay of, [5], [192]; (32° 40´ S., 18° E., Map II), [5], [192]
• Santa Maria, Bay of, São Thiago, [3]
• Santa Maria, Ilhas de, India (13° 20´ N., 75° 20´ E., Map IV), [80], [200]
• Santarem, Vizconde de, quoted, [145], [146]
• Santiago, see São Thiago.
• Santos, Antonio Ribeiro dos, quoted, [168]
• Santos, João dos, quoted, [19]
• São Braz, bay, Mossel Bay (34° 10´ S., 22° 10´ E., Map II), [9], [92], [192]
• “São Gabriel,” flagship, [1], [94], [112], [155], [163];
  • burnt, [146];
  • picture of, [155];
  • description of, [159]
• São Jorge, island (15° 2´ S., 40° 45´ E., Map III), [25], [28], [31], [92], [197]
• “São Raphael,” Paulo da Gama’s ship, springs a mast, [16];
  • repaired, [20];
  • aground, [33];
  • at Anjediva, [88];
  • injured, [88];
  • burnt, [91]
• São Raphael, shoals (5° 20´ S., 39° 8´ E., Map III) and mountains of, [33], [91], [97], [201];
  • padrão of, [196]
• São Thiago de Cacem (38° N., 8° 40´ W.), headquarters of the Order of S. Thiago, 10 miles N. E. of Sines, [232], [234]
• São Thiago (Samtiago), Cape Verde isles (15° N., 23° 30´ E., Map I), [3]
• São Thiago, river of, St. Helena Bay (33° 45´ S., 18° 10´ E., Map III), [5]
• Sapphires, [98], [102]
• Schott, Dr. G., [187]
• Schück, Capt. A., [187]
• Scientific outfit of Vasco da Gama, [166]
• Scurvy, [20], [187], [200]
• Seals, [4], [6], [8], [13], [92]
• Seal Island (Mossel Bay), [13]
• Seed-pearls, [23], [213]
• Sernigi, Girolamo, his letters, [119]-142;
  • quoted, [158], [160], [173]
• Setubal, João, [178]
• Sewn boats, [26]
• Sharifs, [29]
• Sheath, over virile member, [6]
• Siam (15° N., 110° E., Map I), [99]
• Sickness at Mombaça, [35] (see Scurvy).
• Silk, [98], [99], [100], [213], [214]
• Silva, A. A. Baldaque da, quoted, [xxxvi], [162]
• Sinai, mount, [78], [130]
• Sines (37° 57´ N., 8° 50´ W.), [xiii], [225], [227], [228], [233]
• Singapore, see Çinguapara.
• Síwa-blower, [43]
• Sneyd, Mr. Ralph, [119]
• Sofala, Çoffala, gold mines (20° S., 34° 30´ E., Map III), [212], [233] A.
• Sotilicayos (Cape Penguins), [13]
• Sousa, João de, quoted, [44], [79]
• Sousa, Francisco de, [177]
• Speechley, Bishop J. W., [xxxvi], [97], [105]
• Spice Islands, [135]
• Spice trade, [113], [127], [137], [214]
• Spruner’s Historical Atlas, [190]
• Stanley of Alderley, Lord, quoted, [xiv], [xxxiv], [3], [8], [9], [19], [21], [40], [44], [48], [56], [58], [104], [173], [177], [178], [179], [194]
• Storax, [213]
• Strassburg, Ptolemy, maps of, [211]
• Sumatra (Çamatarra, 0°, 110° E., Map I), [98], [101], [213], [220]
  
• Takaunga, Tocanuguo, Toça (3° 40´ S., 39° 50´ E., Map III), [40]
• Tamugata, Tangata, Mtangata (5° 15´ S., 39° 5´ E., Map III), [33], [93]
• Taprobana (Ceylon), [115];
  • (identified with Ceylon), [139], [213]
• Tausens, imaginary islands, [205]
• Tavira (37° 8´ N., 7° 40´ W.), a town in Algarve, [234]
• Tebas or Thebas, imaginary islands, [205], [210]
• Tenacar, Tenasserim (12° 10´ N., 92° E., Map I), [99]
• Terceira, Azores (38° 40´ N., 27° W., Map I), [94]
• Terra, see Fumos.
• Terra alta, Sahara (24° 30´ N., 15° 30´ E., Map I), [2]
• Terra da boa gente (24° 50´ S., 34° 25´ E., Map III), [17], [196]
• Thebas, imaginary islands, [205], [210]
• Thiago, see São Thiago.
• Thomar (32° 38´ N., 8° 23´ W.), since 1356 principal seat of the Order of Christ, [233]
• Timoja, the “pirate”, [82]
• Tîmor (10° S., 125° E.), [101]
• Tin, [18], [100], [213]
• Toar, Sancho de, discovers Delagoa Bay, [18];
  • shipwrecked at Mombaça, [38]
• Toleta de Martoloia, [168]
• Tomaschek, Dr., quoted, [26], [208]
• Tonnage of vessels, [161]
• Toscanelli’s letter, [xvi]
• Touca, a cap, [20], [23]
• Trinidad Island (20° 20´ S., 29° 20´ E., Map I), [187], [190], [191] (its discovery)
• Trinity, Order of, [177]
• Tristão da Cunha, Islands (37° 24´ S., 12° 20´ W., Map I), [189], [190], note 2
• Turtle Doves, [6]
• Tuuz, Tor (28° 15´ N., 23° 30´ E., Map I), [78]
  
• Valle, Pietro della, quoted, [55]
• Vallego, A. Cánovas, [206]
• Variation of the compass, [168]
• Varthema, quoted, [99], [102], [139]
• Varnhagen, [158]
• Vasconcellos, E. J. Carvalho e, [xxxvi]
• Velho, Alvaro, [xxx], [xxxi], [178]
• Veloso, Fernão, at St. Helena Bay, [7];
  • muster-roll, [178]
• Venice, [78]
• Vespucci, Amerigo, [120], [179], [206], [211]
• Vilhegas, Diogo Ortiz de, [166], [167]
• Vidigueira (38° 12´ N., 7° 48´ W.), [236], [237]
• Villa de Frades, village, one mile from Vidigueira, [235], [236]
• Villafranca de Xira, town on the Tejo, twenty miles above Lisbon (38° 58´ N., 9° W.), [227], [234]
• Villanova de Milfontes, coast town, fifteen miles south of Sines (37° 43´ N., 8° 45´ W.), [231], [234]
• Villa Viçosa (38° 47´ N., 70° 24´ W.), [236]
• Vizinho, José, [167]
• Vocabulary of Malayalam, [105]
  
• Whales, [4], [6]
• Wieser, F. R. von, [xix]
• Wine at Calecut, [131], [135]
• Wolf, Rudolf, quoted, [168]
  
• Xarnauz, Sornau, Siam, [99]
• Xerafin, a coin at Calecut, equal to 12 fanãos in gold, or 7s. 5d.
  
• Yule, Colonel, quoted, [47], [98], [99], [130], [131]
  
• Zacut, the astronomer, [167], [168]
• Zambuk, see Barca.
• Zamorin, title of ruler of Calecut, [61];
  • his letter to Vasco da Gama, [75] (see also Gama and Dias).
• Zanzibar, (6° 10´ S., 30° 10´ E., Map III), [92], [207], [218]
• Zavra, a dhau, [34]

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