[350]. Statement abridged. Part of opinion omitted.
[351]. In Allaire v. Whitney, 1 Hill, 484, 487, Cowen, J., says that actual damage is not necessary to an action for fraud; and see also Ingraham, J., in Isman v. Loring, 130 App. Div. 845. The same doctrine is stated in Northrop v. Hill, 57 N. Y. 351; and in Van Velsor v. Seaberger, 35 Ill. App. 598; but neither case was one of merely nominal damages. Leadbetter v. Morris, 3 Jones, Law, 543, sustains the view of Cowen, J. The doctrine of Cowen, J., in Allaire v. Whitney is also cited approvingly in 1 Sedgwick on Damages, 8th ed., § 101, and in 1 Sutherland on Damages, 3d ed., § 10.
But the great weight of authority is against this doctrine, and accords with the view taken by the Minnesota court in the above case of Alden v. Wright: viz., that an action of deceit cannot be maintained in the absence of actual damage. See Pollock, Torts, 9 ed., 190, 291; Pollock, Law of Fraud in British India, 22, 23; 1 Jaggard, Torts, 600, 601; Pigott, Torts, 270, 271; McCarrel v. Hayes, 186 Ala. 323; Winkler v. Jerrue, 20 Cal. App. 555; Morrison v. Martin, 84 Conn. 628; Wesselhoeft v. Schanze, 153 Ill. App. 443; Bailey v. Oatis, 85 Kan. 339; Barnard v. Napier, 167 Ky. 824; Reynolds v. Evans, 123 Md. 365; Brackett v. Perry, 201 Mass. 502; Tregner v. Hazen, 116 App. Div. 829; Badger v. Pond, 120 App. Div. 619.
Compare Skowhegan Bank v. Maxfield, 83 Me. 576 (fraudulently inducing plaintiff to pay debts); Garry v. Garry, 187 Mass. 62 (inducing release of inchoate right of dower); Urtz v. New York R. Co., 202 N. Y. 170 (release of disputed claim).
[352]. Statement abridged. Part of opinion omitted.
[353]. In re Pennewell, 119 Fed. 139; Kimmans v. Chandler, 13 Ia. 327; Dunn v. Bishop, (R. I.) 90 Atl. 1073 Accord. Compare Van Vliet Automobile Co. v. Crowell, (Ia.) 149 N. W. 861.
[354]. A new statement has been made covering but one point and only the portion of the opinion relating to that point is given.
[355]. Ely v. Stannard, 46 Conn. 124; Goring v. Fitzgerald, 105 Ia. 507; Briggs v. Brushaber, 43 Mich. 330; Currier v. Poor, 155 N. Y. 344; Hoffman v. Toft, 70 Or. 488 Accord.
See Conway Bank v. Pease, 76 N. H. 319.
[356]. Statement abridged.