[483]. Johnson v. Evans, 3 Esp. 32; Fowler v. Homer, 3 Camp. 294; Jones v. Thomas, 34 W. R. 104; Lightbody v. Gordon, 9 Scotch Sess. Cas. (4th series) 934; Dale v. Harris, 109 Mass. 193 Accord.
See to the same effect Flanagan v. McLane, 87 Conn. 220; Wall v. Seaboard Ry., 18 Ga. App. 457; Cristman v. Cristman, 36 Ill. App. 567; Harper v. Harper, 10 Bush, 447; Hyatt v. Lindner, 133 La. 614; Bavington v. Robinson, 127 Md. 46, 124 Md. 85; Eames v. Whittaker, 123 Mass. 342; Wells v. Toogood, 165 Mich. 677; Lally v. Emery, 59 Hun, 237; Hayden v. Hasbrouck, 34 R. I. 556; Viss v. Calligan, 91 Wash. 673. Compare Hansen v. Hansen, 126 Minn. 426; Hooper v. Truscott, 2 B. N. C. 457; Harrison v. Fraser, 29 W. R. 652.
But see Peak v. Taubman, 251 Mo. 390; Vanloon v. Vanloon, 159 Mo. App. 255; Hagener v. Pulitzer Pub. Co., 172 Mo. App. 436.
Relevant statement in course of dispute as to property. Alderson v. Kahle, 73 W. Va. 690.
[484]. The argument for the plaintiff and the opinions of Lord Tenterden, C. J., Bayley, and Littledale, JJ., are omitted.
[485]. Servant cases. Edmondson v. Stevenson, Bull. N. P. 8; Weatherston v. Hawkins, 1 T. R. 110; Rogers v. Clifton, 3 B. & P. 587; Pattison v. Jones, 8 B. & C. 578; Gardner v. Slade, 13 Q. B. 796; Murdoch v. Funduklian, 2 T. L. R. 614 (reversing S. C. 2 T. L. R. 215); Doane v. Grew, 220 Mass. 171; Carroll v. Owen, 178 Mich. 551 Accord.
Commercial agency cases. Lemay v. Chamberlain, 10 Ont. 638; Todd v. Dun, 12 Ont. 791; Erber v. Dun, 12 Fed. 526; Johnson v. Bradstreet Co., 77 Ga. 172; Pollasky v. Minchener, 81 Mich. 280; Mitchell v. Bradstreet Co., 116 Mo. 226; King v. Patterson, 49 N. J. Law, 417; Taylor v. Church, 8 N. Y. 452; Sunderlin v. Bradstreet, 46 N. Y. 188; Bradstreet Co. v. Gill, 72 Texas, 115 Accord.
Macintosh v. Dun, [1908] A. C. 390 Contra. Aliter in case of credit association not for profit. London Ass’n for Protection of Trade v. Greenlands, [1916] 2 A. C. 15.
But information given to persons having no interest in the mercantile standing of the plaintiff—for example, reports sent by a commercial agency to its subscribers generally—is not privileged. Erber v. Dun, 12 Fed. 526; Trussell v. Scarlett, 18 Fed. 214 (criticising Beardsley v. Tappan, 5 Blatchford, 497); Locke v. Bradstreet Co., 22 Fed. 771; Pacific Packing Co. v. Bradstreet, 25 Idaho, 696; Pollasky v. Minchener, 81 Mich. 280; Ormsby v. Douglass, 37 N. Y. 477; State v. Lonsdale, 48 Wis. 348.
For other cases of communications privileged because made in answer to proper inquiries, see Cockayne v. Hodgkisson, 5 Car. & P. 543; Storey v. Challands, 8 Car. & P. 234; Kline v. Sewell, 3 M. & W. 297; Hopwood v. Thorn, 8 C. B. 293; Robshaw v. Smith, 38 L. T. Rep. 423; Weldon v. Winslow, Odgers, Lib. & Sl. (5th ed.) 255; Melcher v. Beeler, 48 Col. 233; Zuckerman v. Sonnenschein, 62 Ill. 115; Richardson v. Gunby, 88 Kan. 47; Atwill v. Mackintosh, 120 Mass. 177; Howland v. Blake Co., 156 Mass. 543; Froslee v. Lund’s State Bank, 131 Minn. 435; Fahr v. Hayes, 50 N. J. Law, 275; Posnett v. Marble, 62 Vt. 481; Rude v. Nass, 79 Wis. 321.