Notice to customers in a local newspaper. Hatch v. Lane, 105 Mass. 394. See Delany v. Jones, 4 Esp. 190 (but see Ley v. Lawson, 4 A. & E. 798); Commonwealth v. Featherston, 9 Phila. 594; Holliday v. Ontario Co., 33 Up. Can. Q. B. 558.
General publicity with respect to candidate for local office. Duncombe v. Daniel, 1 Willmore, W. & H. 101, 8 Car. & P. 222; Jones v. Varnum, 21 Fla. 431; State v. Haskins, 109 Ia. 656; Coleman v. MacLennan, 78 Kan. 711; Bronson v. Bruce, 59 Mich. 467; Wheaton v. Beecher, 66 Mich. 307; Belknap v. Ball, 83 Mich. 583; Aldrich v. Press Co., 9 Minn. 133 (but see, contra, Marks v. Baker, 28 Minn. 162); Bigner v. Hodges, 82 Miss. 215; Lewis v. Few, 5 Johns. 1; Root v. King, 7 Cow. 613; Hunt v. Bennett, 19 N. Y. 173; Seely v. Blair, Wright, (Ohio) 358, 683; Knapp v. Campbell, 14 Tex. Civ. App. 199; Sweeney v. Baker, 13 W. Va. 158. Compare Flynn v. Boglarsky, 164 Mich. 513.
But a communication to the electors alone is privileged, if made in good faith. Wisdom v. Brown, 1 T. L. R. 412; Pankhurst v. Hamilton, 3 T. L. R. 500; Burke v. Mascarich, 81 Cal. 302 (semble); Mott v. Dawson, 46 Ia. 533; Bays v. Hunt, 60 Ia. 251; State v. Balch, 31 Kan. 465; Commonwealth v. Wardwell, 136 Mass. 164; Briggs v. Garrett, 111 Pa. St. 404.
But see, contra, Smith v. Burrus, 106 Mo. 94, where the distinction between fair comment and qualified privilege was overlooked. See also Estelle v. Daily News Pub. Co., 99 Neb. 397; Arnold v. Ingram, 151 Wis. 438; Putnam v. Browne, 162 Wis. 524.
[499]. The court found that the defendant acted in good faith.
[500]. Ashford v. Evening Star Co., 41 App. D. C. 395; Addington v. Times Pub. Co., 138 La. 731; Briggs v. Garrett, 111 Pa. St. 404 (semble); Express Co. v. Copeland, 64 Tex. 354 Accord. Compare Bingham v. Gaynor, 141 App. Div. 301; Ivie v. Minton, 75 Or. 483.
Statement at a meeting to oppose a candidate for public office. Baker v. Warner, 231 U. S. 588.
Criticism of minister in a church convention. Dickson v. Lights, (Tex. Civ. App.) 17 S. W. 834.
Criticism of member of association at a meeting to discuss the affairs of the association. Caldwell v. Hayden, 42 App. D. C. 166.
Reply to defamatory statements. Adam v. Ward [1917] A. C. 309; Preston v. Hobbs, 161 App. Div. 363; Smith v. Kemp, 132 La. 943.