The breach of a contract by a third person is special damage. Green v. Button, 2 C. M. & R. 707. But see contra, Kendall v. Stone, 5 N. Y. 14; Brentman v. Note, 3 N. Y. Sup. 420 (N. Y. City Court).
[542]. The arguments and the concurring opinions of Lords Watson, Macnaghten, Morris, and Shand are omitted.
[543]. Disparagement of goods. In the case cited it was held actionable to say falsely that plaintiffs’ manure was inferior to defendants’ if done without legal excuse. Young v. Macrae, 3 B. & S. 264; Alcott v. Millar, 21 T. L. R. 30; Dooling v. Budget Co., 144 Mass. 258 (semble); Boynton v. Shaw Co., 146 Mass. 219; Wilson v. Dubois, 35 Minn. 471; Wier v. Allen, 51 N. H. 177; Snow v. Judson, 38 Barb. 210; Kennedy v. Press Co., 41 Hun, 422 (semble); Paull v. Halferty, 63 Pa. St. 46; Young v. Geiske, 209 Pa. St. 515 Accord.
[544]. Lyne v. Nicholls, 23 T. L. R. 86; Barrett v. Associated Newspapers, 23 T. L. R. 666; Burkett v. Griffith, 90 Cal. 532 Accord.
Compare Marlin Fire Arms Co. v. Shields, 171 N. Y. 384.
[545]. Prestolite Co. v. Heiden, (C. C. A.) 219 Fed. 845; Zittlosen Mfg. Co. v. Boss, (C. C. A.) 219 Fed. 887; Coca-Cola Co. v. Butler, 229 Fed. 224; Hartzler v. Goshen Ladder Co., 55 Ind. App. 455; National Biscuit Co. v. Pacific Coast Biscuit Co., 83 N. J. Eq. 369; Sanford Iron Works v. Enterprise Machine Works, 130 Tenn. 669; Pacific Coast Milk Co. v. Frye, 85 Wash. 133 Accord. In March v. Billings, 7 Cush. 322, under similar circumstances, the plaintiff recovered in an action at law.
See also Coffin, Fraud as an Element of Unfair Competition, 16 Harvard Law Rev. 272; Wyman, Competition and the Law, 15 Harvard Law Rev. 427; Cox, The Prevention of Unfair Competition in Business, 5 Harvard Law Rev. 139; Cushing, On Certain Cases Analogous to Trade Marks, 4 Harvard Law Rev. 321.
Misleading similarity. Hanover Milling Co. v. Metcalf, 240 U. S. 403; McDonald Mfg. Co. v. Mueller Mfg. Co., 183 Fed. 972; British American Tobacco Co. v. British American Cigar Stores Co., (C. C. A.) 211 Fed. 933; Hiram Walker & Sons v. Grubman, 224 Fed. 725; Jenkins v. Kelly & Jones Co., (C. C. A.) 227 Fed. 211; Jacoway v. Young, (C. C. A.) 228 Fed. 630; Van Zile v. Norub Mfg. Co., 228 Fed. 829; Moline Plow Co. v. Omaha Stores Co., (C. C. A.) 235 Fed. 519; Boston Shoe Shop v. McBroom Shoe Shop, 196 Ala. 262; Italian Swiss Colony v. Italian Vineyard Co., 158 Cal. 252; Dunston v. Los Angeles Van & Storage Co., 165 Cal. 89; Modesto Creamery v. Stanislaus Creamery Co., 168 Cal. 289; Motor Accessories Co. v. Marshalltown Mfg. Co., 167 Ia. 202; Bonnie & Co. v. Bonnie Bros., 160 Ky. 487; Crutcher v. Starks, 161 Ky. 690; George G. Fox Co. v. Best Baking Co., 209 Mass. 251; C. A. Briggs & Co. v. National Wafer Co., 215 Mass. 100; Grocers’ Supply Co. v. Dupuis, 219 Mass. 576; Rodseth v. Northwestern Marble Works, 129 Minn. 472; Rubber & Celluloid Co. v. Rubber Bound Brush Co., 81 N. J. Eq. 419, 519; Westcott Chuck Co. v. Oneida Chuck Co., 199 N. Y. 247; World’s Dispensary Ass’n v. Pierce, 203 N. Y. 419; Material Men’s Ass’n v. New York Material Men’s Ass’n, 169 App. Div. 843; German American Button Co. v. Heymsfeld, 170 App. Div. 416; Collier v. Jones, 66 Misc. 97; Frohman v. William Morris, 68 Misc. 461; Elbs v. Rochester Egg Carrier Co., 134 N. Y. Supp. 979; Columbia Engineering Works v. Mallory, 75 Or. 542; Rosenburg v. Fremont Undertaking Co., 63 Wash. 52; J. I. Case Plow Works v. J. I. Case Machine Co., 162 Wis. 185.
Use of one’s own name, see L. E. Waterman Co. v. Modern Pen Co., 235 U. S. 88; Borden Ice Cream Co. v. Borden’s Consolidated Milk Co., (C. C. A.) 201 Fed. 510; Deister Concentrator Co. v. Deister Machine Co., 63 Ind. App. 412; C. H. Batchelder Co. v. Batchelder, 220 Mass. 42; Zagier v. Zagier, 167 N. C. 616.
Where defendant passes off his product as plaintiff’s, recovery is allowed without proof of actual damage. Blofeld v. Payne, 4 B. & A. 410; Singleton v. Bolton, 3 Doug. 293 (semble); Sykes v. Sykes, 3 B. & C. 541; Morison v. Salmon, 2 M. & G. 385; Crawshay v. Thompson, 4 M. & G. 357 (semble); Rodgers v. Nowill, 5 C. B. 109; Forster Co. v. Cutter Co., 211 Mass. 219. Compare Glendon Co. v. Uhler, 75 Pa. St. 467.