[177] Additional prohibitions upon the States are contained in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, just as certain additional prohibitions upon Congress are contained in Amendments 1-8. Compare with Section 10 the summary of prohibitions upon the State in the Articles of Confederation.
[178] Superseded by Twelfth Amendment, which might have been substituted for this paragraph in the body of the document.
[179] In 1792, Congress provided that the president pro tem of the Senate should be next in succession, and after him the Speaker of the House. In 1886 (Jan. 19), this undesirable law was supplanted by a new one, placing the succession (after the Vice President) in the following order: Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, Attorney-General, Postmaster-General, Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of the Interior. Cannot the student see on what ground these officers are named in this order? Cf. American History and Government, § 215 and note. This provides securely against any interregnum, and (what is almost as important) against a transfer by accident to an opposite political party.
[180] What is the antecedent of "them"? The salary of George Washington was fixed by the First Congress at $25,000. This amount remained unchanged until 1871, when it was made $50,000. In 1909, the salary was raised to $75,000. Large allowances are made also, in these latter days, for expenses of various sorts,—one item of $25,000 for instance, for traveling expenses,—which is the reason the salary is commonly referred to as $100,000.
[181] For the development of the "Cabinet," cf. American History and Government, § 215.
[182] Ib., § 214, for different views, at the beginning of the government, as to this clause, and for the settlement in practice.
[183] Limited by the Eleventh Amendment to cases begun by a State as plaintiff. Cf. American History and Government, § 218.
[184] The last three paragraphs of this section might have been included advantageously in a "bill of rights." What preceding paragraphs might have been so disposed of?
[185] Extended by Fourteenth Amendment.
[186] Superseded by Thirteenth Amendment so far as it relates to slaves.