274 Medic. Morb. Pectoris Hist., 2.
275 Armam. Chir., Paris, vol. i. p. 20, quoted by Sprengel.
276 Appendix ad Sculpt. Armen, 1671, quoted by Sprengel.
277 Chirurgia, lib. iii. cap. 2, Geneva, 1688, quoted by Sprengel.
278 Medicina consultatoma, vol. i., 1721.
279 L'art de Sucer les plaies sans se servir de la bouche d'un Homme, Amst., 1707.
Laurence Heister280 (1742) acknowledged that Anel's syringes were valuable in pumping out the fluid from the middle or lower part of the chest, but not when paracentesis was performed in the higher portions between the second and third ribs. Heister gives281 drawings of exhausting syringes for the removal of pus or serum. C. G. Ludwig published282 a new apparatus invented by a surgeon named Bucer to pump out the fluids contained in the chest. This machine was composed of canulæ, to which was adapted a bowl to receive the liquid as it was withdrawn. Ludwig claimed that the especial advantage of this instrument was that it pumped all the fluid out at one time, without the operator being annoyed by any disagreeable odor. Leber283 proposed a similar instrument which was easier of application. A. T. Richter demonstrated the inutility of all these inventions; the blood, he said, would be drawn out with the fluid and by coagula stop up the canula. Valentin (1772) objected to the use of these pumps as applied to chest fluids.
280 Chirurgie, Th. i. Buch. i. Kap. 10, p. 89.
281 Ibid., p. 72.
282 Diss. de Vul. Pectoris, Leip., 1768.