161 Medical Repository, New York, 1803, vol. vi.
162 New England Medical Journal, 1813, vol. ii.
163 Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of New York, 1817.
164 North American Medical and Surgical Journal, Philada., vol. vi., 1828.
165 Transylvania Journal, 1831, vol. iv., and American Journal Med. Sciences, 1833, vol. xxi.
166 Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1857.
In Germany, Nasse (1820), Rieken (1829), Schönlein, Canstatt, Wachsmuth, Lange, Virchow, and others added greatly to our knowledge of the disease. Grandidier published a monograph in 1855, a new edition of which in 1877167 contains a most exhaustive account of the disease and a statistical résumé of all cases to date. In England the disease has not attracted much attention. Legg published an important monograph in 1872, and many papers of value are scattered through the Transactions and journals.
167 Die Hämophilie, Leipzig, Zweite Auflage, 1877.
In France the articles in the encyclopedias and a few theses—of which Gavoy's (1861) and Simon's (1874) are the most important—comprise the chief literature.
ETIOLOGY.—The disposition is, in the majority of cases, hereditary, but there may be a spontaneous origin, the disease appearing in the child of a family in which no previous cases had occurred. Nothing is known of the conditions under which the disease may thus arise in a healthy stock. Many of such cases die early, but others live and may become the starting-points of new bleeder families. In the history of sixty families Grandidier168 found statements of this mode of origin of the affection.