80 Gustaf. Upsala läkarefören, förhandl. xv., 3 och. 4, S. 165, 1880, review in Schmidt's Jahrb., Bd. clxxxvii., 1880, p. 239.
81 “Writers' Cramp,” Amer. Journ. Med. Sci., April, 1885, pp. 452-462.
82 A Treatise on Diseases of the Nervous System, London, 1881, vol. i. pp. 464-469.
83 The Treatment of Writers' Cramp, by Roth, London, 1885.
The later theory, that the disease is at first peripheral, but that by abuse may become central (spinal), is advocated by Beard,84 Liebman,85 Bartholow,86 Frazer,87 and a few others. The latter theory, and not the idea that it is a disease of the co-ordinating centres in the brain or of the spinal centres only, best explains, in my opinion, the various symptoms encountered.
84 New York Med. Record, 1879, p. 244.
85 Maryland Med. Journ., June, 1880-81, vol. vii.
86 Medical Electricity.
87 Glasgow Med. Journ., 1881, vol. xv. p. 169.