II. Insanity in persons of full mental and physical development:
(A) The cerebral neuroses causing mental disease, affecting primarily the mind alone (psychoneuroses): (1) The acute or subacute typical cerebral neuroses in healthy neurotic persons and with a vaso-motor origin: (a) Primary form, melancholia, melancholia agitata, simple mania; (b) secondary form, chronic mania and monomania, dementia. (2) The chronic cerebral neuroses giving rise to mental disease founded on degeneration and of neurotic origin primarily (delusional insanity): (a) Primary monomania of persecution, with a condition of pure mental depression or with exaggerated and exalted ideas; (b) delusional insanity, strictly speaking, psycho-convulsive form (maladie du doute), psycho-cataleptic form (delusional insanity attended with anomalies of sensation).
(B) The organic mental diseases affecting the psychic functions (cerebro-psychoses), differing from (A) chiefly in being deeper-seated: (1) With motor symptoms of excitement (acute mania): (a) Mania furiosa (including mania transitoria); (b) mania gravis; (c) acute delirious mania. (2) With motor neuroses and symptoms resembling catalepsy, tetanus, and anergic stupor, or the various forms of Spannungsneurosen: (a) Melancholia attonita; (b) delusional stupor; (c) primary dementia (stupor), acute and chronic. (3) With progressive paralysis, the typical form of paralytic dementia.
(C) The distinct lesions of the brain, giving rise secondarily to psychical disturbances. The modified paralyses or cerebral diseases in which dementia and paralysis are both observed clinically: (a) Meningo-periencephalitis, chronic and subacute; (b) pachymeningitis and hæmatoma; (c) diffuse encephalitis with sclerosis, without mental excitement and with mental excitement; (d) diffuse encephalitis with local softening, apoplexy, capillary aneurisms in groups or singly, multiple sclerosis; (e) diffuse encephalitis arising from foreign growths in the brain; (f) chronic periencephalitis, with previous tabes dorsalis; tabic paralysis: (g) primary atrophy of the brain, with accompanying spinal tabes, tabic dementia; (h) syphilitic encephalitis, with disturbances of the mind.
Krafft-Ebing's classification is as follows:
A. Mental Diseases of the Normal Brain.—I. Psychoneuroses: 1. Primary, curable diseases: a, Melancholia—_α, Simple melancholia; β, melancholia with stupor; b, Mania—α, Maniacal exaltation; β, acute mania; c, Stupidity (primary dementia) or curable dementia; d, confusional insanity (Wahnsinn). 2. Secondary, incurable diseases: a, Chronic delusional insanity; b, terminal dementia—α, with agitation; β, with apathy.
II. Conditions of Mental Degeneration.—a, Constitutional affective insanity (folie raisonnante); b, moral insanity; c, primary monomania—α, With delusions of persecution; β, with delusions of ambition; d, with imperative conceptions; e, insanity from constitutional neuroses—α, epileptic; β, hysterical; γ, hypochondriacal; f, periodic insanity (folie circulaire).
III. Diseases of the Brain with Mental Disturbances Predominating.—a, Paralytic dementia; b, cerebral syphilis; c, chronic alcoholism; d, senile dementia; e, acute delirium.
B. Conditions of Arrested Mental Development.—Idiocy and cretinism.
Krafft-Ebing agrees with Schüle in dividing mental diseases into two classes—those of a degenerative nature arising from the development of an hereditary or congenital neurotic tendency, or from injury, sexual or alcoholic excess, etc., and those which occur from what may be called accidental causes in otherwise healthy persons, in whom mental disease would not be anticipated, and from which the late Isaac Ray said that, with sufficient exciting cause, no one has any privilege of exemption. The essential distinction between them was pointed out by Moreau and Morel, and is best stated by Krafft-Ebing: