“Control your pupils in the air entirely by word of mouth through the speaking tube.
“When a pupil makes a mistake in the air let him first exhaust his own ideas of how to put things right if height permits.
“Make it a point of honour to allow pupils full control, except, of course, in cases of emergency.
“Your greatest duty is to inspire your pupils with confidence in themselves, in their machines and in you.
“If the weather is too bad for instruction, you should fly yourself for the sake of the spirit it produces.
“Every time a pupil does something in the air he has never done before he increases his confidence.
“Instructors are responsible for the crashes of their own pupils, and the saving of a crash compensates for any amount of additional dual control.
“Have all your machines rigged properly, and fly them frequently yourself to see that none get into a bad condition.
“The time available during training is ample for a pupil to be made a real pilot, provided he makes up his mind never to waste time in the air and is taught, not left, to teach himself.”
The progress of instruction is roughly indicated below, this sequence of manoeuvres having been developed in Canada to suit local conditions and the general type of pupil available:—