The historian of Columbus’ second voyage says that during the month of October 1493 “St. Elmo appeared on the topgallant-masts with seven lighted tapers.” It is also alluded to by Pliny, “Nat. Hist.” lib. ii. cap. 37; by Stobæus, “Eclogarum Phys.,” I. 514; Livy, “Hist.,” cap. 2; Seneca, “Nat. Quæst.,” I. 1; by Cæsar, “de Bello Africano,” cap. 6 edit. Amstel., 1686; and by Camoëns, “Os Lusiades,” canto v. est. 18.

“Last night I saw St. Elmo’s stars,

With their glimmering lanterns all at play

On the tops of the masts and the tips of the spars,

And I knew we should have foul weather to-day.”

Longfellow, “Golden Legend,” Chap. V.

“... Sometimes I’d divide,

And burn in many places—on the topmast,

The yards and bowsprit, would I flame distinctly,

Then meet and join....”