Calyp´so. One of the Oceanides, or one of the daughters of Atlas, according to some writers. When Ulysses was shipwrecked on her coasts she received him with hospitality, and offered him immortality if he would remain with her as a husband, which he refused to do, and after seven years’ delay he was permitted to depart from the island where Calypso reigned.
Camby´ses, king of Persia, was the son of Cyrus the Great. He conquered Egypt, and was so disgusted at the superstition of the Egyptians, that he killed their god Apis and plundered their temples.
Camill´us, L. Fu´rius. A celebrated Roman, called a second Romulus from the services he rendered his country. He was banished for distributing the spoils he had obtained at Veii. During his exile Rome was besieged by the Gauls under Brennus. The besieged Romans then elected him dictator, and he went to the relief of his country, which he delivered after it had been some time occupied by the enemy. He died B.C. 365.
Cam´pus Mar´tius. A large plain without the walls of Rome, where the Roman youth were instructed in athletic exercises and learnt to throw the discus, hurl the javelin, etc.
Can´næ. A village of Apuleia, where Hannibal defeated the Roman consuls Æmylius and Varro, B.C. 216.
Capitoli´num. A celebrated temple and citadel at Rome on the Tarpeian rock.
Caracal´la, son of the emperor Septimius Severus, was notorious for his cruelties. He killed his brother Geta in his mother’s arms, and attempted to destroy the writings of Aristotle. After a life made odious by his vices he was assassinated, A.D. 217, in the forty-third year of his age.
Carac´tacus. A king of the Britons, who was conquered by the Romans and taken prisoner to Rome.
Cartha´go. Carthage, a celebrated city of Africa, the rival of Rome, and for a long period the capital of the country, and mistress of Spain, Sicily, and Sardinia. The time of its foundation is unknown, but it seems to be agreed on that it was built by Dido about 869 years before the Christian era, or, according to some writers, 72 or 73 years before the foundation of Rome. It had reached its highest glory in the days of Hamilcar and Hannibal.
Cassan´der, son of Antipater, made himself master of Macedonia after his father’s death, where he reigned for eighteen years.