The Etymology.—The Etymology of each word is given after the meanings, within brackets. Where further information regarding a word is given elsewhere, it is so indicated by a reference. It must be noted under the etymology that whenever a word is printed thus, Ban, Base, the student is referred to it; also that here the sign—is always to be read as meaning 'derived from.' Examples are generally given of words that are cognate or correspond to the English words; but it must be remembered that they are inserted merely for illustration. Such words are usually separated from the rest by a semicolon. For instance, when an English word is traced to its Anglo-Saxon form, and then a German word is given, no one should suppose that our English word is derived from the German. German and Anglo-Saxon are alike branches from a common Teutonic stem, and have seldom borrowed from each other. Under each word the force of the prefix is usually given, though not the affix. For fuller explanation in such cases the student is referred to the list of Prefixes and Suffixes in the Appendix.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY.
| aor. | aorist. | geol. | geology. | perh. | perhaps. |
| abbrev. | abbreviation. | geom. | geometry. | pers. | person. |
| abl. | ablative. | ger. | gerundive. | pfx. | prefix. |
| acc. | according. | gram. | grammar. | phil., philos. | philosophy. |
| accus. | accusative. | gun. | gunnery. | philol. | philology. |
| adj. | adjective. | her. | heraldry. | phon. | phonetics. |
| adv. | adverb. | hist. | history. | phot. | photography. |
| agri. | agriculture. | hort. | horticulture. | phrenol. | phrenology. |
| alg. | algebra. | hum. | humorous. | phys. | physics. |
| anat. | anatomy. | i.e. | that is. | physiol. | physiology. |
| app. | apparently. | imit. | imitative. | pl. | plural. |
| arch. | archaic. | imper. | imperative. | poet. | poetical. |
| archit. | architecture. | impers. | impersonal. | pol. econ. | political economy. |
| arith. | arithmetic. | indic. | indicative. | poss. | possessive. |
| astrol. | astrology. | infin. | infinitive. | Pr.Bk. | Book of Common |
| astron. | astronomy. | inten. | intensive. | Prayer. | |
| attrib. | attributive. | interj. | interjection. | pr.p. | present participle. |
| augm. | augmentative. | interrog. | interrogative. | prep. | preposition. |
| B. | Bible. | jew. | jewellery. | pres. | present. |
| biol. | biology. | lit. | literally. | print. | printing. |
| book-k. | book-keeping. | mach. | machinery. | priv. | privative. |
| bot. | botany. | masc. | masculine. | prob. | probably. |
| c. (circa) | about. | math. | mathematics. | Prof. | Professor. |
| c., cent. | century. | mech. | mechanics. | pron. | pronoun; |
| carp. | carpentry. | med. | medicine. | pronounced; | |
| cf. | compare. | metaph. | metaphysics. | pronunciation. | |
| chem. | chemistry. | mil. | military. | prop. | properly. |
| cog. | cognate. | Milt. | Milton. | pros. | prosody. |
| coll., colloq. | colloquially. | min. | mineralogy. | prov. | provincial. |
| comp. | comparative. | mod. | modern. | q.v. | which see. |
| conch. | conchology. | Mt. | Mount. | R.C. | Roman Catholic. |
| conj. | conjunction. | mus. | music. | recip. | reciprocal. |
| conn. | connected. | myth. | mythology. | redup. | reduplication. |
| contr. | contracted. | n., ns. | noun, nouns. | refl. | reflexive. |
| cook. | cookery. | nat. hist. | natural history. | rel. | related; relative. |
| corr. | corruption. | naut. | nautical. | rhet. | rhetoric. |
| crystal. | crystallography. | neg. | negative. | sculp. | sculpture. |
| dat. | dative. | neut. | neuter. | Shak. | Shakespeare. |
| demons. | demonstrative. | n.pl. | noun plural. | sig. | signifying. |
| der. | derivation. | n.sing. | noun singular. | sing. | singular. |
| dial. | dialect, dialectal. | N.T. | New Testament. | spec. | specifically. |
| Dict. | Dictionary. | obs. | obsolete. | Spens. | Spenser. |
| dim. | diminutive. | opp. | opposed. | subj. | subjunctive. |
| dub. | doubtful. | opt. | optics. | suff. | suffix. |
| eccles. | ecclesiastical history. | orig. | originally. | superl. | superlative. |
| e.g. | for example. | ornith. | ornithology. | surg. | surgery. |
| elect. | electricity. | O.S. | old style. | term. | termination. |
| entom. | entomology. | O.T. | Old Testament. | teleg. | telegraphy. |
| esp. | especially. | p., part. | participle. | Tenn. | Tennyson. |
| ety. | etymology. | p.adj. | participial adjective. | Test. | Testament. |
| fem. | feminine. | paint. | painting. | theat. | theatre; theatricals. |
| fig. | figuratively. | paleog. | paleography. | theol. | theology. |
| fol. | followed; following. | paleon. | paleontology. | trig. | trigonometry. |
| fort. | fortification. | palm. | palmistry. | ult. | ultimately. |
| freq. | frequentative. | pa.p. | past participle. | v.i. | verb intransitive. |
| fut. | future. | pass. | passive. | voc. | vocative. |
| gen. | genitive. | pa.t. | past tense. | v.t. | verb transitive. |
| gener. | generally. | path. | pathology. | vul. | vulgar. |
| geog. | geography. | perf. | perfect. | zool. | zoology. |
| Amer. | American. | Fris. | Frisian. | Norw. | Norwegian. |
| Ar. | Arabic. | Gael. | Gaelic. | O. Fr. | Old French. |
| A.S. | Anglo-Saxon. | Ger. | German. | Pers. | Persian. |
| Austr. | Australian. | Goth. | Gothic. | Peruv. | Peruvian. |
| Bav. | Bavarian. | Gr. | Greek. | Pol. | Polish. |
| Beng. | Bengali. | Heb. | Hebrew. | Port. | Portuguese. |
| Bohem. | Bohemian. | Hind. | Hindustani. | Prov. | Provençal. |
| Braz. | Brazilian. | Hung. | Hungarian. | Rom. | Romance. |
| Bret. | Breton. | Ice. | Icelandic. | Russ. | Russian |
| Carib. | Caribbean. | Ind. | Indian. | Sans. | Sanskrit. |
| Celt. | Celtic. | Ion. | Ionic. | Scand. | Scandinavian. |
| Chal. | Chaldean. | Ir. | Irish. | Scot. | Scottish. |
| Chin. | Chinese. | It. | Italian. | Singh. | Singhalese. |
| Corn. | Cornish. | Jap. | Japanese. | Slav. | Slavonic. |
| Dan. | Danish. | Jav. | Javanese. | Sp. | Spanish. |
| Dut. | Dutch. | L. | Latin. | Sw. | Swedish. |
| Egypt. | Egyptian. | Lith. | Lithuanian. | Teut. | Teutonic. |
| Eng. | English. | L. L. | Low or Late Latin. | Turk. | Turkish. |
| Finn. | Finnish. | M. E. | Middle English. | U.S. | United States. |
| Flem. | Flemish. | Mex. | Mexican. | W. | Welsh. |
| Fr. | French. | Norm. | Norman. |
CHAMBERS'S
TWENTIETH CENTURY
DICTIONARY.
