Turion, tū′ri-on, n. a shoot from an underground bud, growing upward into a new stem.—adj. Turionif′erous. [L. turio, a shoot.]
Turk, turk, n. a native of Turkey, an Ottoman—more widely, a member of a race formerly classed among the 'Turanian' peoples, now more usual to say, of the Mongolo-Tartar ethnological group, and speaking languages of the Ural-Altaic family: a savage fellow: a Mohammedan: a Turkish horse: the plum-weevil or curculio.—ns. Turk′ey-car′pet, a soft thick kind of carpet; Turk′ey-hone, -stone, a kind of oilstone brought from Turkey, and used for hones; Turk′ey-mer′chant, one whose trade is with Turkey or the Turkish East; Turk′ey-red, a fine durable red dye, obtained from madder, but now mostly prepared chemically, first produced in Turkey; Turk′ey-stone, the turquoise.—adj. Turk′ish, pertaining to the Turks or to Turkey.—n. the language of the Turks.—ns. Turk′ish-bath, a kind of hot-air bath in which the patient, after being sweated, is rubbed down, and conducted through a series of cooling-chambers until he regains his normal temperature; Turk's′-head, a kind of knot: a long broom with spherical head: a kind of cooking-pan, having a tin core in the centre.—Turn Turk, to become a Mohammedan: to go to the bad: to become hopelessly obstinate.
Turkey, turk′i, n. a large gallinaceous bird, a native of America—not Turkey.—ns. Turk′ey-buzz′ard, a vulture found largely in North and South America; Turk′ey-cock, the male of the turkey: a foolishly proud person.
Turkis, turk′is, n. an older spelling of turquoise.—Also Turk′ois.
Turkoman, tur′kō-man, n. a member of a branch of the Turkish race, found in Central Asia to the north of Persia.
Turlough, tur′loh, n. a shallow pond in Ireland, dry in summer. [Ir. turloch.]
Turm, turm, n. (Milt.) a troop. [L. turma.]
Turmeric, tur′mėr-ik, n. the rhizome or root-stock of Curcuma longa, a handsome herbaceous plant cultivated all over India, its yellowish tubers yielding a deep-yellow powder used as a chemical test for the presence of alkalies. [Cf. Fr. terre-mérite—as if from L. terra, earth, and merita, deserved; both prob. corr. from an Oriental name.]
Turmoil, tur′moil, n. harassing labour: disturbance.—v.t. to harass with commotion: to weary.—v.i. to be disquieted or in commotion. [Perh. L. tremĕre, to shake.]
Turn, turn, v.i. to whirl round: to hinge: to depend: to issue: to take a different direction or tendency: to become by a change, hence to rebel: to return: to be fickle: to result: to be shaped on the lathe: to sour: to become giddy: to be nauseated: to change from ebb to flow or from flow to ebb: to become inclined in the other direction.—v.t. to cause to revolve: to reverse: to pass round: to direct, apply: to send, drive: to fold, remake: to translate: to make sour: to change the position or the direction of: to nauseate, to make giddy: to direct the mind to: to infatuate or make mad: to cause to return with profit: to transfer: to convert: to form in a lathe: to shape: to round: to adapt: to blunt.—n. act of turning: new direction or tendency, disposition: a walk to and fro: chance: a turning-point, crisis: (mus.) a melodic embellishment, consisting of a principal tone with two auxiliary tones lying respectively next above and below it: a spell of work, a job: (coll.) a nervous shock: change: a winding: a bend: form: manner: opportunity, convenience: act of kindness or malice: a type turned upside down, owing to a temporary want of the proper letter.—ns. Turn′about, a merry-go-round; Turn′back, the strap from the hames to the hip-strap; Turn′buckle, a form of coupling so arranged as to regulate the length or tension of the connected parts; Turn′-cap, a chimney-cowl rotating on a vertical axis; Turn′coat, one who turns his coat—that is, abandons his principles or party; Turn′cock, one who turns on the water for the mains, regulates the fire-plugs, &c., of a water company.—adj. Turn′-down, folded down.—ns. Turn′er, one who, or that which, turns: a tumbler, gymnast, esp. a member of the German Turnvereine or gymnastic bodies, instituted by F. L. Jahn in 1811; Turn′ery, art of turning or of shaping by a lathe: things made by a turner, also the place where these are made: ornamentation by means of the lathe; Turn′ing, a winding: deviation from the proper course: turnery, the art of shaping wood, metal, ivory, or other hard substances into forms having a curved (generally circular or oval) transverse section, and also of engraving figures composed of curved lines upon a smooth surface, by means of a turning-lathe: (mil.) a manœuvre for turning an enemy's position: in pottery, the shaping of a vase: (pl.) chips; Turn′ing-lathe, a lathe used by turners; Turn′ing-point, the point on which a question turns, and which decides the case: a grave and critical period; Turn′ing-rest, a support on a lathe serving as a fulcrum for a hand turning-tool; Turn′ing-saw, a thin-bladed saw contrived for cutting curved wood for chair-backs, &c.—also Sweep-saw, Frame-saw, Scroll-saw; Turn′ing-steel, a piece of hard bar-steel for turning the edge of a tool, &c.; Turn′ing-tool, a tool for shaping the cutting edges of the tools used in seal-engraving; Turn′key, one who turns the keys in a prison: a warder; Turn′-out, the act of coming forth: a strike: a striker: a crowd of spectators: a carriage and its horses: quantity of produce yielded.—adj. Turn′over, made to be turned over or reversed.—n. act of turning over, upset, overthrow: a small pie made by turning half of the circular crust over the other which has been covered with fruit, &c.: an apprentice turned over to a new master to complete his apprenticeship: the total amount of the sales in a business for a specified time.—ns. Turn′pike, a gate set across a road to stop those liable to toll: a turnpike-road—originally a frame consisting of two cross-bars armed with pikes, and turning on a post; Turn′pike-man, a man who collects tolls at a tollgate; Turn′pike-road, a road on which turnpikes or tollgates are established; Turn′-screw, a screw-driver; Turn′skin, a werewolf; Turn′spit, one who turns a spit: a person engaged in some menial occupation: a long-bodied, short-legged dog employed to drive a wheel by which roasting-spits were turned—closely allied to the Dachshund (q.v.); Turn′stile, a revolving frame in a footpath which prevents the passage of cattle, but allows the passage of one person at a time; Turn′stile-reg′ister, a device for recording the number of persons passing through a turnstile; Turn′stone, a small grallatorial bird, intermediate between the true plovers and sandpipers, so called from its habit of turning over pebbles on the beach in search of food; Turn′-ta′ble (same as Traverse-table); Turn′-up, a disturbance: something that appears unexpectedly.—Turn about, to move the face or front to another quarter; Turn about, Turn and turn about, alternately; Turn a, or the, corner (see Corner); Turn a deaf ear to, to ignore; Turn adrift, to unmoor and let float away: to cast off; Turn again, to return: to make a stand; Turn against, to use to the injury of: to render hostile: to rebel against; Turn an enemy's flank, line, or position, to manœuvre so as to attack an enemy in the rear: to outwit; Turn a penny (see Penny); Turn around one's finger, to make any one subservient to one's will; Turn aside, to avert; to deviate: to avert the face; Turn away, to dismiss from service, to discharge: to avert, to look in another direction: to deviate, to depart from; Turn back, to cause to retreat: to return; Turn down, to double or fold down: to hide the face of: to lessen or lower; Turn forth, to expel; Turn in, to bend inward: to enter: (coll.) to go to bed; Turn into, to become by a process of change; Turn off, to deviate: to dismiss: to divert: to complete, achieve by labour: to shut off: (slang) to hang; Turn on, to set running (as water): to depend on: to confront in fight; Turn one's hand to, to apply one's self; Turn one's head, or brain, to make one giddy: to fill with pride or conceit; Turn out, to drive out, to expel: to put to pasture (as cattle): to make for market or for use: to project: to prove in the result: to muster: to leave one's work to take part in a strike: (coll.) to get out of bed; Turn over, to roll over: to change sides: to sell goods to the amount of: to examine by turning the leaves; Turn round, to reverse one's position or party; Turn the back, to flee, to retreat; Turn the back upon, to quit with contempt, to forsake; Turn the edge of, to blunt; Turn the scale, to decide, determine; Turn the stomach, to nauseate; Turn to, to have recourse to: to point to: to result in; Turn turtle (see Turtle); Turn up, to point upwards: to appear, happen: place with face up: to bring the point uppermost: to refer to in a book; Turn upon, to cast back upon, retort; Turn upside down, to throw into complete confusion.—Be turned of, to have advanced beyond—of age; By turns, one after another: at intervals; Ill turn, an injurious act: a change for the worse; In turn, in order of succession; Not to turn a hair, to be quite undisturbed or unaffected; On the turn, at the turning-point, changing; Serve a turn, to answer the purpose; Take one's turn, to occupy one's allotted place; Take turns, to take each the other's place alternately; To a turn, exactly, perfectly. [A.S. tyrnan; Ger. turnen; Fr. tourner; all from L. tornāre, to turn in a lathe—tornus, a turner's wheel—Gr. tornos.]