[38] Information on body sizes (length) is from Robbins et al. (1966).
[39] Information on bill lengths is from Palmer (1962), Dement'ev et al. (1968), and Friedmann (1950).
[40] Feeding methods are from Ashmole (1971) as adapted by Ainley (unpubl. manuscr.).
Population Dynamics in Northern Marine Birds
by
William H. Drury
College of the Atlantic
Bar Harbor, Maine 04609