(9) the types of biological effects (e.g., oil contamination of plumage, PCB contamination of food chains); and
(10) whether the potential impacts are reversible or irreversible and to what degree.
b. To understand more of the effects of hunting on the behavior of marine birds and waterfowl on their breeding grounds, and to assess the effects on breeding performance of changes in behavior which result from human activities (such as hunting or studying the birds).
c. To understand the effects of the presence of predators (whether introduced or native) on breeding colonies in order to assess the importance of removing the predators or preventing their access to breeding grounds.
The Relation of the Products of Biological Research to Programs for Conservation of Marine Bird Resources
Although peaceful coexistence of wildlife populations and economic development are here assumed to be practical, some new social institutions are needed to control damaging activities of people during economic development. Human activities and industrial products which damage wildlife or their habitat must be identified, as must the space and resources which wildlife require for survival and health.
1. What seabird cliffs, islands, lagoons, wetlands, river mouths, and other habitat features are of first importance for breeding or for maintaining the populations? Some small areas of habitat are critical for the survival of some species during periods of stress. Those habitats need official recognition. Steps are needed to ensure that the habitats are maintained.
2. What physical expressions of economic development are of little, modest, or serious impact on wildlife and its habitat? These activities and constructions include harbors, storage sites, transshipment facilities, roads, pipelines, summer camps, and suburban or vacation developments.
3. What kinds of human activities will disturb, damage, or change the behavior or accessibility of wildlife? Many activities of one group of people have secondary effects which affect the enjoyment of resources for other groups. These include
a. gill netting for salmon, which may kill large numbers of murres and diving ducks;