Bent, A. C. 1922. Life histories of North American petrels and pelicans and their allies. U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 121. 343 pp.
Bergman, G. 1957. Concerning the problem of mixed colonies: the tufted duck and gulls. Die Vogelwarte 19(1):15-25.
Bertram, G. C. L., D. Lack, and B. B. Roberts. 1934. Notes on East Greenland birds, with a discussion of the periodic non-breeding among arctic birds. Ibis 13(4):816-831.
Brown, R. G. B. 1967. Breeding success and population growth in a colony of herring and lesser black-backed gulls Larus argentatus and L. fuscus. Ibis 109(4):502-515.
Buckley, F. G., and P. A. Buckley. 1971. The breeding ecology of royal terns (Sterna [thalasseus] maxima maxima). Ibis 114(3):344-359.
Buckley, P. A., and F. G. Buckley. 1975. The significance of dredge spoil islands to colonially nesting waterbirds in certain national parks. Proc. Conf. on Management of Dredge Islands in North Carolina Estuaries, May 1974. N.C. Sea Grant Publ. UNC-SG-75-01, Raleigh.
Byrd, G. V., D. D. Gibson, and D. L. Johnson. 1974. The birds of Adak, Alaska. Condor 76(3):288-300.
Coulson, J. C. 1966. The influence of the pair-bond and age on the breeding biology of the kittiwake gull Rissa tridactyla. J. Anim. Ecol. 35:269-279.
Coulson, J. C. 1968. Differences in the quality of birds nesting in the centre and on the edges of a colony. Nature 217 (Feb. 3):478-479.
Coulson, J. C. 1974. Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla. Pages 134-141 in S. Cramp, W. R. P. Bourne, and D. Saunders, The Seabirds of Britain and Ireland. Taplinger Publ. Co., Inc., New York. 287 pp.