Louis I. Bredvold, University of Michigan
Cleanth Brooks, Yale University
James L. Clifford, Columbia University
Arthur Friedman, University of Chicago
Samuel H. Monk, University of Minnesota
Ernest Mossner, University of Texas
James Sutherland, Queen Mary College, London
[INTRODUCTION]
The present pamphlet was published in February 1754, after six volumes of Sir Charles Grandison had appeared and about a month before the appearance of the seventh and last volume. Though Grandison was technically anonymous, its authorship was generally known, and the pamphlet refers to Richardson by name. Sale’s bibliography gives further details (Samuel Richardson: A Bibliographical Record, New Haven, 1936, pp. 131-32), including the suggestion of the Monthly Review (X, 159-60) that the author was Alexander Campbell, who also wrote A Free and Candid Examination of Lord Bolingbroke’s Letters on History (1753). The pro-Bolingbroke and deistic sentiments of the Critical Remarks lend color to this attribution. Nichols’ Literary Anecdotes (II, 277) says under the year 1755 that William Bowyer printed a few copies of two pamphlets on Grandison, one by Francis Plumer and one by Dr. John Free. To Plumer is attributed A Candid Examination of the History of Sir Charles Grandison (April 1754; 3rd ed., 1755), and the inference might then be that Free was the author of the Critical Remarks, even though the date 1755 given by Nichols is not right, since these two are the only known early Grandison pamphlets. But Free’s orthodox religious views seem to eliminate him as a possibility. Whoever the author was, his references to Henry and Sarah Fielding are decidedly friendly, and he speaks well of Mason, Gray, Dodsley, and Pope.
The Remarks represents a type of pamphlet occasionally called forth by works which engaged the general attention of the town, such as the great novels of the period; thus before the Grandison pamphlets we have Pamela Censured, Lettre sur Pamela, An Examen of the History of Tom Jones, An Essay on the New Species of Writing Founded by Mr. Fielding, and Remarks on Clarissa. Usually these fugitive essays are hostile to the work they discuss, and represent the attempt of some obscure writer to turn a shilling by exposing for sale a title page which might catch the eye with a well known name. The J. Dowse who sold the Critical Remarks was an obscure pamphlet-shop proprietor, not a prominent bookseller. Richardson and his correspondents were of course irritated at both the Grandison pieces: Mrs. Sarah Chapone was indignant at the Critical Remarks, venturing the absurd suggestion that Fielding might be the author (Victoria and Albert Museum, Forster Collection, Richardson MSS., XIII, 1, ff. 102-03, letter of 6 April 1754); and Lady Bradshaigh and Richardson considered the more favorable Candid Examination an unfriendly work (Forster Collection, Richardson MSS., XI, ff. 98, 100-02). Yet these obscure publications give an interesting view of some current approaches and reactions before opinion has taken a set form, and help us to get access to the contemporary reading public.