INDICATIVE MOOD.PRESENT TENSE. |
| Singular. | Plural. |
|---|
| (I) hope, | (We) hopen. |
| (Thou) hopes, | (Ȝe) hopen. |
| (He) hopes, | (Thay) hopen. |
| PRETERITE TENSE. |
| (I) hopede[64] (hoped), | (We) hopeden. |
| (Thou) hopedes (hoped), | (Ȝe) hopeden. |
| (He) hopede[64] (hoped), | (Thay) hopeden. |
IMPERATIVE MOOD. |
| Hope (thou). | Hopes (ȝe). |
PARTICIPLES. |
| Imperfect or Active. | Perfect or Passive. |
|---|
| Hopande. | Hoped. |
II.—Conjugation of Irregular Verbs.
INDICATIVE MOOD.PRESENT TENSE. |
| Singular. |
|---|
| (I) kerve, | renne, | smite, | stonde. |
| (Thou) kerves, | rennes, | smites, | stondes. |
| (He) kerves, | rennes, | smites, | stondes. |
| Plural. |
|---|
| (We) kerven, | rennen, | smiten, | stonden. |
| (Ȝe) „ | „ | „ | „ |
| (Thay) „ | „ | „ | „ |
| PRETERITE TENSE. |
| Singular. |
|---|
| (I) carf, | ran, | smot, | stod. |
| (Thou) carve, | ranne, | smote, | stode. |
| (He) carf, | ran, | smot, | stod. |
Very frequently the e in the second person is dropped,[65] as in the Northumbrian dialect, but we never meet with such forms as carves (= carvedest), rannes (= ranst), smotes (= smotest), etc.
| Plural. |
|---|
| (We) corven, | runnen, | smiten, | stonden. |
| (Ȝe) „ | „ | „ | „ |
| (Thay) „ | „ | „ | „ |
PASSIVE PARTICIPLES. |
| Corven, | runnen, | smiten, | stonden. |
The Northumbrian dialect does not preserve any separate form for the preterite plural, and this distinction is not always observed in the present poems.
Table of Verbs.
A.—SIMPLE ORDER. |
| Present. | Preterite. | Passive Participle. |
|---|
| Class I. | Hate, | hatede, | hated. |
| Class II. (a) | Bede (offer), | bedde, | bed. |
| Dype (dip), | dypte, | dypt. |
| Kythe (show), | kydde, | kyd. |
| Lende, | lende, | lent. |
| Rende, | rende, | rent. |
| Sende, | sende, | sent. |
| (b) | Clothe, | cladde, | clad. |
| Dele (deal), | dalte, | dalt. |
| Lede, | ladde, | lad. |
| Leve, | lafte, | laft. |
| Rede (advise), | radde, | rad. |
| Sprede (spread), | spradde, | sprad. |
| Swelt (die), | swalte, | —— |
| Swette (sweat), | swatte, | —— |
| Threte (threaten), | thratte, | thrat. |
| Class III. | Byye (buy), | boȝte, | boȝt |
| Bringe, | broȝte, | broȝt. |
| Cache (catch), | caȝte, | caȝt. |
| Lache (seize), | laȝte, | laȝt. |
| Reche (reck), | roȝte, | —— |
| Reche (reach), | raȝte, | —— |
| Selle, | solde, | sold. |
| Worche (work), | wroȝte, | wroȝt. |
B.—COMPLEX ORDER. |
| Division I. |
| Present. | Preterite. | Passive Participle. |
|---|
| Class I. | Bere (bear), | ber, | born. |
| Bete (beat), | bet, | beten. |
| Breke (break), | brek, | broken. |
| Chese (choose), | ches (chos), | chosen. |
| Cleve (cleave), | clef, | cloven. |
| Ete (eat), | ette (for et), | eten. |
| Forȝete (forget), | forȝet, | forȝeten. |
| Frese (freeze), | fres, | frosen. |
| Gife (give), | gef, | given, geven. |
| Heve (heave), | hef, | hoven. |
| Ligge (lie), | leȝ, | leyen, leȝen. |
| Lepe (leap), | lep, | lopen. |
| | nem (nam), | nomen. |
| Schere (shear), | scher, | schorn. |
| Slepe (sleep), | slep, | slepen. |
| Speke (speak), | spek, | spoken. |
| Stele (steal), | stel, | stolen. |
| Swere (swear), | swer, | sworen. |
| Wepe (weep), | wep, | wopen. |
| Wreke (avenge), | wrek, | wroken. |
| Class II. | Falle, | fell, | fallen. |
| Fonge (take), | feng, | fongen. |
| Growe, | grew, | growen. |
| Hange, honge, | heng, | hangen, hongen. |
| Knowe, knawe, | knew, | knawen, knowen. |
| Schape (make), | schep, | schapen. |
| Walke, | welk, | walken. |
| Wasche, | wesch, | waschen. |
| Class III. | Drawe, draȝe, | droȝ, | drawen,. |
| Fare (go), | for, | faren. |
| Laȝe (laugh), | loȝ, | laȝen. |
| Stande, stonde, | stod, | standen. |
| Slaye, | slow, slew, | slayn. |
| Take, | tok, | tane, tone. |
| Wake, | wok, | waken. |
| Division II. |
| Present. | Preterite. | Passive Participle. |
|---|
| Class I. | Biginne, | bigon, | bigonnen, bigunnen. |
| Breste, | brast, borst, | brusten, bursten. |
| Climbe, | clamb, clomb, | clumben. |
| Drinke, | dronk, drank, | drunken, dronken. |
| Finde, | fand, fond, | funden. |
| Fiȝte, | faȝt, feȝt, | foȝten. |
| Helpe, | halp, | holpen. |
| Kerve (cut), | carf, | corven. |
| Melte, | malt, | molten. |
| Renne (run), | ran, | runnen. |
| Ringe, | rong, | rungen, rongen. |
| Singe, | song, sang, | sungen. |
| Steke, | stac, | stoken. |
| Sterve (die), | starf, | storven. |
| Werpe (throw), | warp, | worpen. |
| Win, | wan, won, | wonnen, wunnen. |
| Ȝelde (yield), | ȝald, | ȝolden. |
| Class II. | Bide (abide), | bod, | biden. |
| Bite, | bot, | biten. |
| Drive, | drof, | driven. |
| Fine (cease), | fon, | —— |
| Glide, | glod, | gliden. |
| Ride, | rod, | riden. |
| Rise, | ros, | risen. |
| Schine, | schon, | —— |
| Slide, | slod, | sliden. |
| Smite, | smot, | smiten. |
| Trine (go), | tron, | —— |
| Class III. | Fly, | fleȝ, flegh, flaȝ, | flowen. |
| See, | seȝ, segh, syȝ, | seen. |
| Stiȝe, steȝe, | steȝ | —— |
| Anomalous Verbs. |
| Can, | pret. couthe. |
| Dare, | „ dorste. |
| May, | „ miȝte. |
| Mot, | „ moste. |
| Oȝe (owe), | „ oȝte. |
| Schal, | „ scholde, schulde. |
| Thar, | „ thurte. |
| Wote, | „ wiste. |
| Wille, | „ wolde. |
Schal (shall) in the second person singular is schal or schalt; so, too, we occasionally find wyl for wylt.